* param: simplify fix for exponential memory allocation
* Apply suggestions from code review
* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks
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* Remove `deepcopy` again
* Restore deepcopy
* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks
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Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>