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@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ called `getMembers` that retrieves all the members in a discord server. When we
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function we see the following result.
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```js
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const members = getMembers("The Programmers Hangout");
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console.log(members); // Promise {<pending>}
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const members = getMembers("The Programmers Hangout")
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console.log(members) // Promise {<pending>}
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```
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Normally, we would have expected to see an array of all the members but it takes time to
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@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ to access the actual members like so.
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```js
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getMembers("The Programmers Hangout").then(members => {
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console.log(members); // (32k) [{...}, {...}, {...}]
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});
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console.log(members) // (32k) [{...}, {...}, {...}]
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})
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```
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This way we are able to make sure that we only try to `console.log` when the `getMembers` function has resolved and ready to be used.
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@@ -63,15 +63,15 @@ You may have tried doing something like this before.
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```js
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// Incorrect code, don't copy!
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let results;
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let results
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getWeather("Los Angeles").then(weather => {
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results = weather;
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});
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results = weather
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})
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console.log(results) // undefined
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```
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Why is `results` undefined? Because **Javascript doesn't wait**. Whenever a Promise is created,
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your code will continue to run until there's no more code left in the stack. Only then
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your code will continue to run until there's no more code left in the stack. Only then
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will javascript try to run the `.then` callback of a Promise. Even if your Promise resolves
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immediately you are going to have to wait until you've run all the code in the stack before
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your `.then` callback has a chance to start running. This is due to the way the event loop works,
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@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ In order to fix this problem we need to move the `console.log` inside the `.then
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```js
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getWeather("Los Angeles").then(weather => {
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console.log(weather); // Sunny, probably
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});
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console.log(weather) // Sunny, probably
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})
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```
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## Real World Example
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@@ -94,14 +94,14 @@ You can try it in your browser if you want to test it out.
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function getCharacters() {
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return fetch(`https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/character`)
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.then(response => response.json())
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.then(response => response.results);
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.then(response => response.results)
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}
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getCharacters().then(characters => {
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console.log(characters); // (20) [{...}, {...}, {...}]
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});
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console.log(characters) // (20) [{...}, {...}, {...}]
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})
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```
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Let's break down what's happening in this function
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// TODO: finish this
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// TODO: finish this
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@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ function doAsync(number) {
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return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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doDatabase().then(function(dbResult) {
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otherDbFunction(dbResult).then(function(secondResult) {
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resolve(secondResult + 10);
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resolve(secondResult + 10)
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})
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});
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})
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})
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}
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```
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@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ already returns a promise, you can just return the original thing.
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function doAsync(number) {
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return doDatabase().then(function(dbResult) {
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otherDbFunction(dbResult).then(function(secondResult) {
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return secondResult + 10;
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return secondResult + 10
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})
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});
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})
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}
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```
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@@ -40,11 +40,13 @@ is that they allow you do chain them sequentially.
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```js
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function doAsync(number) {
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return doDatabase().then(function(dbResult) {
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return otherDbFunction(dbResult)
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}).then(function(secondResult) {
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return secondResult + 10;
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});
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return doDatabase()
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.then(function(dbResult) {
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return otherDbFunction(dbResult)
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})
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.then(function(secondResult) {
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return secondResult + 10
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})
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}
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```
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@@ -56,17 +58,18 @@ function doAsync(number) {
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return doDatabase()
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.then(otherDbFunction)
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.then(function(secondResult) {
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return secondResult + 10;
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});
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return secondResult + 10
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})
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}
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```
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And you don't need those returns if you just have ES6 arrow functions
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```js
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const doAsync = number => doDatabase()
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.then(otherDbFunction)
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.then(secondResult => secondResult + 10);
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const doAsync = number =>
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doDatabase()
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.then(otherDbFunction)
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.then(secondResult => secondResult + 10)
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```
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Wow, that last one looks a lot cleaner to me than the first. Keeping that in mind, maybe we could be making some of our other functions cleaner as well
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@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ There are multiple benefits to using a singleton class
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- You're always going to pull the same instance of the class
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- It's only instantiated once
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- Use `$this` in a static-like context
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-
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By using a singleton instead of a static class we expose a cleaner class to use and we can use regular instance properties instead of static properties.
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@@ -28,13 +27,13 @@ namespace Example;
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class Singleton
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{
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/**
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* The singleton instance
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* @var Singleton
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*/
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private static $instance;
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/**
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* Get the instantiated singleton, or create it if it hasn't been instantiated yet.
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* @return Singleton
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@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ class Singleton
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// static::$instance =?? new static();
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// The double ?'s is a null-coalesce operator. There's a link about it below.
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static::$instance = static::$instance ?? new static();
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return static::$instance;
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}
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@@ -57,12 +56,12 @@ To give a little functionality to our freshly baked Singleton we add these three
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```php
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private $word = "Pineapple";
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public function getWord(): string {
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// PHP_EOL is a constant for a new line (\r\n) or whichever your OS uses.
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return $this->word . PHP_EOL;
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}
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public function setWord(string $word): void {
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$this->word = $word;
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}
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