drop Python 3.8 support (#10265)

* drop Python 3.8

Note that this PR only makes typing related changes.
Other changes can be done once this gets merged, they
are relatively few in numbers.

* bump build python version

* add typing_extensions to lint group

.github/workflows/build.yaml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
-        python-version: 3.8
+        python-version: 3.12
 
     - run: python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools_scm build twine
 

.github/workflows/tests.yaml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-latest, macos-latest]
-        pyv: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12"]
+        pyv: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12"]
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4

dvc/annotations.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass, field, fields
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Optional
 
 from funcy import compact
 from voluptuous import Required
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ class Annotation:
 
     desc: Optional[str] = None
     type: Optional[str] = None
-    labels: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-    meta: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    labels: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    meta: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
 
-    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         return compact(asdict(self))
 
 
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ class Artifact:
     path: str
     desc: Optional[str] = None
     type: Optional[str] = None
-    labels: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-    meta: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    labels: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    meta: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
 
-    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         return compact(asdict(self))
 
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ ANNOTATION_SCHEMA = {
     Annotation.PARAM_LABELS: [str],
     Annotation.PARAM_META: object,
 }
-ARTIFACT_SCHEMA: Dict[Any, Any] = {
+ARTIFACT_SCHEMA: dict[Any, Any] = {
     Required(Artifact.PARAM_PATH): str,
     **ANNOTATION_SCHEMA,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 }

dvc/api/artifacts.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from dvc.repo import Repo
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ def artifacts_show(
     version: Optional[str] = None,
     stage: Optional[str] = None,
     repo: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     """
     Return path and Git revision for an artifact in a DVC project.
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def artifacts_show(
     if version and stage:
         raise ValueError("Artifact version and stage are mutually exclusive.")
 
-    repo_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
+    repo_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
         "subrepos": True,
         "uninitialized": True,
     }

dvc/api/data.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from contextlib import _GeneratorContextManager as GCM
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from funcy import reraise
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def get_url(path, repo=None, rev=None, remote=None):
     from dvc.config import NoRemoteError
     from dvc_data.index import StorageKeyError
 
-    repo_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    repo_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
     if remote:
         repo_kwargs["config"] = {"core": {"remote": remote}}
     with Repo.open(
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ def open(  # noqa: A001
     remote: Optional[str] = None,
     mode: str = "r",
     encoding: Optional[str] = None,
-    config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-    remote_config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    config: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    remote_config: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
 ):
     """
     Opens a file tracked in a DVC project.
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def _open(
     config=None,
     remote_config=None,
 ):
-    repo_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
+    repo_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
         "subrepos": True,
         "uninitialized": True,
         "remote": remote,

dvc/api/experiments.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 from rich.text import Text
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from dvc.repo.experiments.show import tabulate
 def exp_save(
     name: Optional[str] = None,
     force: bool = False,
-    include_untracked: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    include_untracked: Optional[list[str]] = None,
 ):
     """
     Create a new DVC experiment using `exp save`.
@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ def _postprocess(exp_rows):
 
 def exp_show(
     repo: Optional[str] = None,
-    revs: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+    revs: Optional[Union[str, list[str]]] = None,
     num: int = 1,
     param_deps: bool = False,
     force: bool = False,
-    config: Optional[Dict] = None,
-) -> List[Dict]:
+    config: Optional[dict] = None,
+) -> list[dict]:
     """Get DVC experiments tracked in `repo`.
 
     Without arguments, this function will retrieve all experiments derived from

dvc/api/scm.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from dvc.repo import Repo
 
 
-def all_branches(repo: Optional[str] = None) -> List[str]:
+def all_branches(repo: Optional[str] = None) -> list[str]:
     """Get all Git branches in a DVC repository.
 
     Args:
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def all_branches(repo: Optional[str] = None) -> List[str]:
         return _repo.scm.list_branches()
 
 
-def all_commits(repo: Optional[str] = None) -> List[str]:
+def all_commits(repo: Optional[str] = None) -> list[str]:
     """Get all Git commits in a DVC repository.
 
     Args:
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def all_commits(repo: Optional[str] = None) -> List[str]:
         return _repo.scm.list_all_commits()
 
 
-def all_tags(repo: Optional[str] = None) -> List[str]:
+def all_tags(repo: Optional[str] = None) -> list[str]:
     """Get all Git tags in a DVC repository.
 
     Args:

dvc/api/show.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import typing
 from collections import Counter
-from typing import Dict, Iterable, Optional, Union
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 from funcy import first
 
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ from dvc.repo import Repo
 
 
 def _postprocess(results):
-    processed: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
+    processed: dict[str, dict] = {}
     for rev, rev_data in results.items():
         if not rev_data:
             continue
@@ -36,8 +37,8 @@ def metrics_show(
     *targets: str,
     repo: Optional[str] = None,
     rev: Optional[str] = None,
-    config: Optional[Dict] = None,
-) -> Dict:
+    config: Optional[dict] = None,
+) -> dict:
     """Get metrics tracked in `repo`.
 
     Without arguments, this function will retrieve all metrics from all tracked
@@ -159,8 +160,8 @@ def params_show(
     stages: Optional[Union[str, Iterable[str]]] = None,
     rev: Optional[str] = None,
     deps: bool = False,
-    config: Optional[Dict] = None,
-) -> Dict:
+    config: Optional[dict] = None,
+) -> dict:
     """Get parameters tracked in `repo`.
 
     Without arguments, this function will retrieve all params from all tracked

dvc/cachemgr.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import os
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from dvc.fs import GitFileSystem, Schemes
 from dvc_data.hashfile.db import get_odb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def _get_odb(
     repo,
     settings,
     fs=None,
-    prefix: Optional[Tuple[str, ...]] = None,
+    prefix: Optional[tuple[str, ...]] = None,
     hash_name: Optional[str] = None,
     **kwargs,
 ):

dvc/commands/data.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ClassVar, Dict, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ClassVar
 
 from funcy import chunks, compact, log_durations
 
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 
 
 class CmdDataStatus(CmdBase):
-    COLORS: ClassVar[Dict[str, str]] = {
+    COLORS: ClassVar[dict[str, str]] = {
         "not_in_remote": "red",
         "not_in_cache": "red",
         "committed": "green",
         "uncommitted": "yellow",
         "untracked": "cyan",
     }
-    LABELS: ClassVar[Dict[str, str]] = {
+    LABELS: ClassVar[dict[str, str]] = {
         "not_in_remote": "Not in remote",
         "not_in_cache": "Not in cache",
         "committed": "DVC committed changes",
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class CmdDataStatus(CmdBase):
         "untracked": "Untracked files",
         "unchanged": "DVC unchanged files",
     }
-    HINTS: ClassVar[Dict[str, Tuple[str, ...]]] = {
+    HINTS: ClassVar[dict[str, tuple[str, ...]]] = {
         "not_in_remote": ('use "dvc push <file>..." to upload files',),
         "not_in_cache": ('use "dvc fetch <file>..." to download files',),
         "committed": ("git commit the corresponding dvc files to update the repo",),

dvc/commands/experiments/push.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Any
 
 from dvc.cli import completion, formatter
 from dvc.cli.command import CmdBase
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 
 class CmdExperimentsPush(CmdBase):
     @staticmethod
-    def log_result(result: Dict[str, Any], remote: str):
+    def log_result(result: dict[str, Any], remote: str):
         from dvc.utils import humanize
 
         def join_exps(exps):

dvc/commands/experiments/show.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import argparse
 import re
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from datetime import date, datetime
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from funcy import lmap
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ def baseline_styler(typ):
 
 def show_experiments(
     td: "TabularData",
-    headers: Dict[str, Iterable[str]],
+    headers: dict[str, Iterable[str]],
     keep=None,
     drop=None,
     pager=True,

dvc/commands/plots.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import argparse
 import os
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from funcy import compact, first, get_in
 
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 
 
 def _show_json(
-    renderers_with_errors: List["RendererWithErrors"],
+    renderers_with_errors: list["RendererWithErrors"],
     split=False,
-    errors: Optional[Dict[str, Exception]] = None,
+    errors: Optional[dict[str, Exception]] = None,
 ):
     from dvc.render.convert import to_json
     from dvc.utils.serialize import encode_exception
 
-    all_errors: List[Dict] = []
+    all_errors: list[dict] = []
     data = {}
 
     for renderer, src_errors, def_errors in renderers_with_errors:

dvc/commands/stage.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import argparse
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from itertools import chain, filterfalse
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterable, List
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from dvc.cli import completion, formatter
 from dvc.cli.command import CmdBase
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ def generate_description(stage: "Stage") -> str:
     def is_plot_or_metric(out: "Output"):
         return bool(out.plot) or bool(out.metric)
 
-    desc: List[str] = []
+    desc: list[str] = []
 
     outs = list(filterfalse(is_plot_or_metric, stage.outs))
     if outs:
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ def prepare_stages_data(
     stages: Iterable["Stage"],
     description: bool = True,
     max_length: int = MAX_TEXT_LENGTH,
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     return {
         stage.addressing: (
             prepare_description(stage, max_length=max_length) if description else ""
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ def prepare_stages_data(
 class CmdStageList(CmdBase):
     def _get_stages(self) -> Iterable["Stage"]:
         if self.args.all:
-            stages: List["Stage"] = self.repo.index.stages
+            stages: list["Stage"] = self.repo.index.stages
             logger.trace("%d no. of stages found", len(stages))
             return stages
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ class CmdStageList(CmdBase):
         return 0
 
 
-def parse_cmd(commands: List[str]) -> str:
+def parse_cmd(commands: list[str]) -> str:
     """
     We need to take into account two cases:
 

dvc/compare.py

@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
 from collections import abc
+from collections.abc import (
+    ItemsView,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    MutableSequence,
+    Sequence,
+)
 from itertools import chain, repeat, zip_longest
 from operator import itemgetter
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Dict,
-    ItemsView,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
-    MutableSequence,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
     Union,
     overload,
 )
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from dvc.ui.table import CellT
 
 
-class Column(List["CellT"]):
+class Column(list["CellT"]):
     pass
 
 
@@ -35,13 +33,13 @@ def with_value(value, default):
 
 class TabularData(MutableSequence[Sequence["CellT"]]):
     def __init__(self, columns: Sequence[str], fill_value: Optional[str] = ""):
-        self._columns: Dict[str, Column] = {name: Column() for name in columns}
-        self._keys: List[str] = list(columns)
+        self._columns: dict[str, Column] = {name: Column() for name in columns}
+        self._keys: list[str] = list(columns)
         self._fill_value = fill_value
-        self._protected: Set[str] = set()
+        self._protected: set[str] = set()
 
     @property
-    def columns(self) -> List[Column]:
+    def columns(self) -> list[Column]:
         return list(map(self.column, self.keys()))
 
     def is_protected(self, col_name) -> bool:
@@ -60,10 +58,10 @@ class TabularData(MutableSequence[Sequence["CellT"]]):
         projection = {k: self.column(k) for k in self.keys()}
         return projection.items()
 
-    def keys(self) -> List[str]:
+    def keys(self) -> list[str]:
         return self._keys
 
-    def _iter_col_row(self, row: Sequence["CellT"]) -> Iterator[Tuple["CellT", Column]]:
+    def _iter_col_row(self, row: Sequence["CellT"]) -> Iterator[tuple["CellT", Column]]:
         for val, col in zip_longest(row, self.columns):
             if col is None:
                 break
@@ -81,7 +79,7 @@ class TabularData(MutableSequence[Sequence["CellT"]]):
         for val, col in self._iter_col_row(value):
             col.insert(index, val)
 
-    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[List["CellT"]]:
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[list["CellT"]]:
         return map(list, zip(*self.columns))
 
     def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Column:
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ class TabularData(MutableSequence[Sequence["CellT"]]):
         return len(self.columns[0])
 
     @property
-    def shape(self) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    def shape(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
         return len(self.columns), len(self)
 
     def drop(self, *col_names: str) -> None:
@@ -170,7 +168,7 @@ class TabularData(MutableSequence[Sequence["CellT"]]):
             if key not in keys:
                 self.add_column(key)
 
-        row: List["CellT"] = [
+        row: list["CellT"] = [
             with_value(d.get(key), self._fill_value) for key in self.keys()
         ]
         self.append(row)
@@ -185,7 +183,7 @@ class TabularData(MutableSequence[Sequence["CellT"]]):
 
     def as_dict(
         self, cols: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None
-    ) -> Iterable[Dict[str, "CellT"]]:
+    ) -> Iterable[dict[str, "CellT"]]:
         keys = self.keys() if cols is None else set(cols)
         return [{k: self._columns[k][i] for k in keys} for i in range(len(self))]
 
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ class TabularData(MutableSequence[Sequence["CellT"]]):
         if how not in ["any", "all"]:
             raise ValueError(f"Invalid 'how' value {how}. Choose one of ['any', 'all']")
 
-        match_line: Set = set()
+        match_line: set = set()
         match_any = True
         if how == "all":
             match_any = False
@@ -245,7 +243,7 @@ class TabularData(MutableSequence[Sequence["CellT"]]):
             )
 
         if axis == "cols":
-            cols_to_drop: List[str] = []
+            cols_to_drop: list[str] = []
             for n_col, col in enumerate(self.columns):
                 if subset and self.keys()[n_col] not in subset:
                     continue
@@ -259,7 +257,7 @@ class TabularData(MutableSequence[Sequence["CellT"]]):
 
         elif axis == "rows":
             unique_rows = []
-            rows_to_drop: List[int] = []
+            rows_to_drop: list[int] = []
             for n_row, row in enumerate(self):
                 if subset:
                     row = [
@@ -319,7 +317,7 @@ def diff_table(
 ) -> TabularData:
     a_rev = a_rev or "HEAD"
     b_rev = b_rev or "workspace"
-    headers: List[str] = ["Path", title, a_rev, b_rev, "Change"]
+    headers: list[str] = ["Path", title, a_rev, b_rev, "Change"]
     fill_value = "-"
     td = TabularData(headers, fill_value=fill_value)
 
@@ -394,7 +392,7 @@ def metrics_table(
 
     for branch, val in metrics.items():
         for fname, metric in val.get("data", {}).items():
-            row_data: Dict[str, str] = {"Revision": branch, "Path": fname}
+            row_data: dict[str, str] = {"Revision": branch, "Path": fname}
             metric = metric.get("data", {})
             flattened = (
                 flatten(format_dict(metric))

dvc/config.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import os
 import re
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from functools import partial
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from funcy import compact, memoize, re_find
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class Config(dict):
             return system_config_dir()
 
     @cached_property
-    def files(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def files(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         files = {
             level: os.path.join(self.get_dir(level), self.CONFIG)
             for level in ("system", "global")
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ class Config(dict):
         return Schema(dirs_schema, extra=ALLOW_EXTRA)(conf)
 
     def load_config_to_level(self, level=None):
-        merged_conf: Dict = {}
+        merged_conf: dict = {}
         for merge_level in self.LEVELS:
             if merge_level == level:
                 break
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ class Config(dict):
 
 
 def _parse_named(conf):
-    result: Dict[str, Dict] = {"remote": {}, "machine": {}, "db": {}}
+    result: dict[str, dict] = {"remote": {}, "machine": {}, "db": {}}
 
     for section, val in conf.items():
         match = re_find(r'^\s*(remote|machine|db)\s*"(.*)"\s*$', section)

dvc/daemon.py

@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@ import logging
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from contextlib import nullcontext
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List, Mapping, Optional, Sequence, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union
 
 from dvc.log import logger
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import ContextManager
+    from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
 
 from dvc.env import DVC_DAEMON, DVC_DAEMON_LOGFILE
 from dvc.utils import fix_env, is_binary
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ def _win_detached_subprocess(args: Sequence[str], **kwargs) -> int:
     return popen.pid
 
 
-def _get_dvc_args() -> List[str]:
+def _get_dvc_args() -> list[str]:
     args = [sys.executable]
     if not is_binary():
         root_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ def _map_log_level_to_flag() -> Optional[str]:
     return flags.get(logger.getEffectiveLevel())
 
 
-def daemon(args: List[str]) -> None:
+def daemon(args: list[str]) -> None:
     """Launch a `dvc daemon` command in a detached process.
 
     Args:
@@ -148,12 +149,12 @@ def daemon(args: List[str]) -> None:
 
 
 def _spawn(
-    args: List[str],
-    executable: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+    args: list[str],
+    executable: Optional[Union[str, list[str]]] = None,
     env: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
     output_file: Optional[str] = None,
 ) -> int:
-    file: "ContextManager[Any]" = nullcontext()
+    file: "AbstractContextManager[Any]" = nullcontext()
     kwargs = {}
     if output_file:
         file = open(output_file, "ab")  # noqa: SIM115
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ def _spawn(
         return _detached_subprocess(executable + args, env=env, **kwargs)
 
 
-def daemonize(args: List[str], executable: Union[None, str, List[str]] = None) -> None:
+def daemonize(args: list[str], executable: Union[None, str, list[str]] = None) -> None:
     if os.name not in ("posix", "nt"):
         return
 

dvc/data_cloud.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Manages dvc remotes that user can use with push/pull/status commands."""
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, Optional, Set, Tuple
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from dvc.config import NoRemoteError, RemoteConfigError
 from dvc.log import logger
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ class Remote:
 
 def _split_legacy_hash_infos(
     hash_infos: Iterable["HashInfo"],
-) -> Tuple[Set["HashInfo"], Set["HashInfo"]]:
+) -> tuple[set["HashInfo"], set["HashInfo"]]:
     from dvc.cachemgr import LEGACY_HASH_NAMES
 
     legacy = set()

dvc/database.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import os
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, Optional, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional, Union
 
 from sqlalchemy import create_engine
 from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url as _make_url
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ def make_url(url: Union["URL", str], **kwargs: Any) -> "URL":
     return _make_url(url).set(**kwargs)
 
 
-def url_from_config(config: Union[str, "URL", Dict[str, str]]) -> "URL":
+def url_from_config(config: Union[str, "URL", dict[str, str]]) -> "URL":
     if isinstance(config, dict):
         return make_url(**config)
     return make_url(config)
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ def handle_error(url: "URL"):
 
 @contextmanager
 def client(
-    url_or_config: Union[str, "URL", Dict[str, str]], **engine_kwargs: Any
+    url_or_config: Union[str, "URL", dict[str, str]], **engine_kwargs: Any
 ) -> Iterator[Client]:
     url = url_from_config(url_or_config)
     echo = env2bool(env.DVC_SQLALCHEMY_ECHO, False)

dvc/dependency/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Mapping, Set
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any
 
 from dvc.output import ARTIFACT_SCHEMA, DIR_FILES_SCHEMA, Output
 
@@ -66,12 +67,12 @@ def loads_from(stage, s_list, erepo=None, fs_config=None, db=None):
     ]
 
 
-def _merge_params(s_list) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+def _merge_params(s_list) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
     d = defaultdict(list)
     default_file = ParamsDependency.DEFAULT_PARAMS_FILE
 
     # figure out completely tracked params file, and ignore specific keys
-    wholly_tracked: Set[str] = set()
+    wholly_tracked: set[str] = set()
     for key in s_list:
         if not isinstance(key, dict):
             continue

dvc/dependency/base.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from typing import Dict, Type
-
 from dvc.exceptions import DvcException
 from dvc.fs import download as fs_download
 from dvc.output import Output
@@ -25,11 +23,11 @@ class DependencyIsStageFileError(DvcException):
 class Dependency(Output):
     IS_DEPENDENCY = True
 
-    DoesNotExistError: Type[DvcException] = DependencyDoesNotExistError
-    IsNotFileOrDirError: Type[DvcException] = DependencyIsNotFileOrDirError
-    IsStageFileError: Type[DvcException] = DependencyIsStageFileError
+    DoesNotExistError: type[DvcException] = DependencyDoesNotExistError
+    IsNotFileOrDirError: type[DvcException] = DependencyIsNotFileOrDirError
+    IsStageFileError: type[DvcException] = DependencyIsStageFileError
 
-    def workspace_status(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def workspace_status(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         if self.fs.version_aware:
             old_fs_path = self.fs_path
             try:

dvc/dependency/db.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, ClassVar, Dict, Iterator, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, ClassVar, Optional
 
 from funcy import compact, log_durations
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ def download_progress(to: "Output") -> Iterator[Callable[[int], Any]]:
 class AbstractDependency(Dependency):
     """Dependency without workspace/fs/fs_path"""
 
-    def __init__(self, stage: "Stage", info: Dict[str, Any], *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, stage: "Stage", info: dict[str, Any], *args, **kwargs):
         self.repo = stage.repo
         self.stage = stage
         self.fs = None
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ class DbDependency(AbstractDependency):
     PARAM_QUERY = "query"
     PARAM_TABLE = "table"
     PARAM_FILE_FORMAT = "file_format"
-    DB_SCHEMA: ClassVar[Dict] = {
+    DB_SCHEMA: ClassVar[dict] = {
         PARAM_DB: {
             PARAM_QUERY: str,
             PARAM_CONNECTION: str,
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ class DbDependency(AbstractDependency):
 
     def __init__(self, stage: "Stage", info, *args, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(stage, info, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.db_info: Dict[str, str] = self.info.get(self.PARAM_DB, {})
+        self.db_info: dict[str, str] = self.info.get(self.PARAM_DB, {})
         self.connection = self.db_info.get(self.PARAM_CONNECTION)
 
     @property

dvc/dependency/param.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import typing
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional
 
 import dpath
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class BadParamFileError(DvcException):
 def read_param_file(
     fs: "FileSystem",
     path: str,
-    key_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    key_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     flatten: bool = False,
     **load_kwargs,
 ) -> Any:
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class ParamsDependency(Dependency):
 
     def read_params(
         self, flatten: bool = True, **kwargs: typing.Any
-    ) -> Dict[str, typing.Any]:
+    ) -> dict[str, typing.Any]:
         try:
             self.validate_filepath()
         except MissingParamsFile:
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class ParamsDependency(Dependency):
 
         from funcy import ldistinct
 
-        status: Dict[str, Any] = defaultdict(dict)
+        status: dict[str, Any] = defaultdict(dict)
         info = self.hash_info.value if self.hash_info else {}
         assert isinstance(info, dict)
         actual = self.read_params()

dvc/dependency/repo.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from copy import deepcopy
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Dict, Optional, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Optional, Union
 
 import voluptuous as vol
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class RepoDependency(Dependency):
     PARAM_CONFIG = "config"
     PARAM_REMOTE = "remote"
 
-    REPO_SCHEMA: ClassVar[Dict] = {
+    REPO_SCHEMA: ClassVar[dict] = {
         PARAM_REPO: {
             vol.Required(PARAM_URL): str,
             PARAM_REV: str,
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class RepoDependency(Dependency):
         }
     }
 
-    def __init__(self, def_repo: Dict[str, Any], stage: "Stage", *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, def_repo: dict[str, Any], stage: "Stage", *args, **kwargs):
         self.def_repo = def_repo
         super().__init__(stage, *args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class RepoDependency(Dependency):
             self.def_repo[self.PARAM_REV_LOCK] = rev
 
     @classmethod
-    def _dump_def_repo(cls, def_repo) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def _dump_def_repo(cls, def_repo) -> dict[str, str]:
         repo = {cls.PARAM_URL: def_repo[cls.PARAM_URL]}
 
         rev = def_repo.get(cls.PARAM_REV)
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class RepoDependency(Dependency):
             repo[cls.PARAM_REMOTE] = remote
         return repo
 
-    def dumpd(self, **kwargs) -> Dict[str, Union[str, Dict[str, str]]]:
+    def dumpd(self, **kwargs) -> dict[str, Union[str, dict[str, str]]]:
         return {
             self.PARAM_PATH: self.def_path,
             self.PARAM_REPO: self._dump_def_repo(self.def_repo),

dvc/dvcfile.py

@@ -5,10 +5,7 @@ from typing import (
     Any,
     Callable,
     ClassVar,
-    Dict,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Tuple,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
 )
@@ -134,7 +131,7 @@ class FileMixin:
         d, _ = self._load(**kwargs)
         return d
 
-    def _load(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Tuple[Any, str]:
+    def _load(self, **kwargs: Any) -> tuple[Any, str]:
         # it raises the proper exceptions by priority:
         # 1. when the file doesn't exists
         # 2. filename is not a DVC file
@@ -157,7 +154,7 @@ class FileMixin:
 
         return validate(d, cls.SCHEMA, path=fname)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
-    def _load_yaml(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Tuple[Any, str]:
+    def _load_yaml(self, **kwargs: Any) -> tuple[Any, str]:
         from dvc.utils import strictyaml
 
         return strictyaml.load(
@@ -182,10 +179,10 @@ class SingleStageFile(FileMixin):
     from dvc.schema import COMPILED_SINGLE_STAGE_SCHEMA as SCHEMA
     from dvc.stage.loader import SingleStageLoader as LOADER  # noqa: N814
 
-    metrics: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+    metrics: ClassVar[list[str]] = []
     plots: ClassVar[Any] = {}
-    params: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
-    artifacts: ClassVar[Dict[str, Optional[Dict[str, Any]]]] = {}
+    params: ClassVar[list[str]] = []
+    artifacts: ClassVar[dict[str, Optional[dict[str, Any]]]] = {}
 
     @property
     def stage(self) -> "Stage":
@@ -284,11 +281,11 @@ class ProjectFile(FileMixin):
         raise DvcException("ProjectFile has multiple stages. Please specify it's name.")
 
     @cached_property
-    def contents(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def contents(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return self._load()[0]
 
     @cached_property
-    def lockfile_contents(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def lockfile_contents(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return self._lockfile.load()
 
     @cached_property
@@ -303,7 +300,7 @@ class ProjectFile(FileMixin):
         return self.LOADER(self, self.contents, self.lockfile_contents)
 
     @property
-    def metrics(self) -> List[str]:
+    def metrics(self) -> list[str]:
         return self.contents.get("metrics", [])
 
     @property
@@ -311,11 +308,11 @@ class ProjectFile(FileMixin):
         return self.contents.get("plots", {})
 
     @property
-    def params(self) -> List[str]:
+    def params(self) -> list[str]:
         return self.contents.get("params", [])
 
     @property
-    def artifacts(self) -> Dict[str, Optional[Dict[str, Any]]]:
+    def artifacts(self) -> dict[str, Optional[dict[str, Any]]]:
         return self.contents.get("artifacts", {})
 
     def remove(self, force=False):

dvc/exceptions.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Exceptions raised by the dvc."""
 import errno
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Set
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from dvc.utils import format_link
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class OutputDuplicationError(DvcException):
         stages (list): list of paths to stages.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, output: str, stages: Set["Stage"]):
+    def __init__(self, output: str, stages: set["Stage"]):
         from funcy import first
 
         assert isinstance(output, str)
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class UploadError(FileTransferError):
 
 
 class CheckoutError(DvcException):
-    def __init__(self, target_infos: List[str], stats: Dict[str, List[str]]):
+    def __init__(self, target_infos: list[str], stats: dict[str, list[str]]):
         from dvc.utils import error_link
 
         self.target_infos = target_infos

dvc/fs/callbacks.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from contextlib import ExitStack
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, BinaryIO, Dict, Optional, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, BinaryIO, Optional, Union
 
 from dvc.progress import Tqdm
 from dvc.utils.objects import cached_property
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class TqdmCallback(Callback):
         self,
         path_1: "Union[str, BinaryIO]",
         path_2: str,
-        kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
         child: Optional[Callback] = None,
     ):
         child = child or TqdmCallback(
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class RichCallback(Callback):
         self,
         path_1: Union[str, BinaryIO],
         path_2: str,
-        kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
         child: Optional["Callback"] = None,
     ):
         child = child or RichCallback(

dvc/fs/dvc.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import posixpath
 import threading
 from collections import deque
 from contextlib import ExitStack, suppress
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional, Union
 
 from fsspec.spec import AbstractFileSystem
 from funcy import wrap_with
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 
-RepoFactory = Union[Callable[..., "Repo"], Type["Repo"]]
-Key = Tuple[str, ...]
+RepoFactory = Union[Callable[..., "Repo"], type["Repo"]]
+Key = tuple[str, ...]
 
 
 def as_posix(path: str) -> str:
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class _DVCFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
         subrepos: bool = False,
         repo_factory: Optional[RepoFactory] = None,
         fo: Optional[str] = None,
-        target_options: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,  # noqa: ARG002
+        target_options: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,  # noqa: ARG002
         target_protocol: Optional[str] = None,  # noqa: ARG002
         config: Optional["DictStrAny"] = None,
         remote: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class _DVCFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
         }
 
     def getcwd(self):
-        relparts: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+        relparts: tuple[str, ...] = ()
         assert self.repo is not None
         if self.repo.fs.isin(self.repo.fs.getcwd(), self.repo.root_dir):
             relparts = self.repo.fs.relparts(self.repo.fs.getcwd(), self.repo.root_dir)
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class _DVCFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
         return posixpath.join(*parts)
 
     @classmethod
-    def parts(cls, path: str) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+    def parts(cls, path: str) -> tuple[str, ...]:
         ret = []
         while True:
             path, part = posixpath.split(path)
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class _DVCFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
             start = "."
         return posixpath.relpath(self.abspath(path), start=self.abspath(start))
 
-    def relparts(self, path: str, start: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+    def relparts(self, path: str, start: Optional[str] = None) -> tuple[str, ...]:
         return self.parts(self.relpath(path, start=start))
 
     @functools.cached_property
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ class _DVCFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
 
     def _get_subrepo_info(
         self, key: Key
-    ) -> Tuple["Repo", Optional[DataFileSystem], Key]:
+    ) -> tuple["Repo", Optional[DataFileSystem], Key]:
         """
         Returns information about the subrepo the key is part of.
         """
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ class DVCFileSystem(FileSystem):
     protocol = "local"
     PARAM_CHECKSUM = "md5"
 
-    def _prepare_credentials(self, **config) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _prepare_credentials(self, **config) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return config
 
     @functools.cached_property

dvc/ignore.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import os
 import re
 from collections import namedtuple
 from itertools import chain, groupby, takewhile
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from pathspec.patterns import GitWildMatchPattern
 from pathspec.util import normalize_file
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class DvcIgnorePatterns(DvcIgnore):
 
         return cls(path_spec_lines, dirname, fs.sep)
 
-    def __call__(self, root: List[str], dirs: List[str], files: List[str]):
+    def __call__(self, root: list[str], dirs: list[str], files: list[str]):
         files = [f for f in files if not self.matches(root, f)]
         dirs = [d for d in dirs if not self.matches(root, d, True)]
 
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class DvcIgnoreFilter:
         self,
         dirname: str,
         ignore_trie: Trie,
-        dnames: Optional["List"],
+        dnames: Optional["list"],
         ignore_subrepos: bool,
     ) -> None:
         self._update_trie(dirname, ignore_trie)
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ class DvcIgnoreFilter:
             yield from fs.find(path)
 
     def _get_trie_pattern(
-        self, dirname, dnames: Optional["List"] = None, ignore_subrepos=True
+        self, dirname, dnames: Optional["list"] = None, ignore_subrepos=True
     ) -> Optional["DvcIgnorePatterns"]:
         if ignore_subrepos:
             ignores_trie = self.ignores_trie_fs

dvc/logger.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import logging.config
 import logging.handlers
 import os
 import sys
-from typing import ClassVar, Dict
+from typing import ClassVar
 
 import colorama
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class ColorFormatter(logging.Formatter):
     """
 
     reset = colorama.Fore.RESET
-    color_codes: ClassVar[Dict[str, str]] = {
+    color_codes: ClassVar[dict[str, str]] = {
         "TRACE": colorama.Fore.GREEN,
         "DEBUG": colorama.Fore.BLUE,
         "WARNING": colorama.Fore.YELLOW,

dvc/output.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import posixpath
 from collections import defaultdict
 from contextlib import suppress
 from operator import itemgetter
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 import voluptuous as vol
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ def _split_dict(d, keys):
 
 
 def _merge_data(s_list):
-    d: Dict[str, Dict] = defaultdict(dict)
+    d: dict[str, dict] = defaultdict(dict)
     for key in s_list:
         if isinstance(key, str):
             d[key].update({})
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ def load_from_pipeline(stage, data, typ="outs"):
         )
 
 
-def split_file_meta_from_cloud(entry: Dict) -> Dict:
+def split_file_meta_from_cloud(entry: dict) -> dict:
     if remote_name := entry.pop(Meta.PARAM_REMOTE, None):
         remote_meta = {}
         for key in (
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def split_file_meta_from_cloud(entry: Dict) -> Dict:
     return entry
 
 
-def merge_file_meta_from_cloud(entry: Dict) -> Dict:
+def merge_file_meta_from_cloud(entry: dict) -> dict:
     cloud_meta = entry.pop(Output.PARAM_CLOUD, {})
     if remote_name := first(cloud_meta):
         entry.update(cloud_meta[remote_name])
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ def merge_file_meta_from_cloud(entry: Dict) -> Dict:
     return entry
 
 
-def _serialize_tree_obj_to_files(obj: Tree) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+def _serialize_tree_obj_to_files(obj: Tree) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     key = obj.PARAM_RELPATH
     return sorted(
         (
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ def _serialize_tree_obj_to_files(obj: Tree) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
     )
 
 
-def _serialize_hi_to_dict(hash_info: Optional[HashInfo]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+def _serialize_hi_to_dict(hash_info: Optional[HashInfo]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     if hash_info:
         if hash_info.name == "md5-dos2unix":
             return {"md5": hash_info.value}
@@ -316,10 +316,10 @@ class Output:
     PARAM_HASH = "hash"
     PARAM_FS_CONFIG = "fs_config"
 
-    DoesNotExistError: Type[DvcException] = OutputDoesNotExistError
-    IsNotFileOrDirError: Type[DvcException] = OutputIsNotFileOrDirError
-    IsStageFileError: Type[DvcException] = OutputIsStageFileError
-    IsIgnoredError: Type[DvcException] = OutputIsIgnoredError
+    DoesNotExistError: type[DvcException] = OutputDoesNotExistError
+    IsNotFileOrDirError: type[DvcException] = OutputIsNotFileOrDirError
+    IsStageFileError: type[DvcException] = OutputIsStageFileError
+    IsIgnoredError: type[DvcException] = OutputIsIgnoredError
 
     def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
         self,
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ class Output:
         remote=None,
         repo=None,
         fs_config=None,
-        files: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
+        files: Optional[list[dict[str, Any]]] = None,
         push: bool = True,
         hash_name: Optional[str] = DEFAULT_ALGORITHM,
     ):
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ class Output:
 
     def _compute_hash_info_from_meta(
         self, hash_name: Optional[str]
-    ) -> Tuple[str, HashInfo]:
+    ) -> tuple[str, HashInfo]:
         if self.is_in_repo:
             if hash_name is None:
                 # Legacy 2.x output, use "md5-dos2unix" but read "md5" from
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ class Output:
 
     def _build(
         self, *args, no_progress_bar=False, **kwargs
-    ) -> Tuple["HashFileDB", "Meta", "HashFile"]:
+    ) -> tuple["HashFileDB", "Meta", "HashFile"]:
         from dvc.ui import ui
 
         with ui.progress(
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ class Output:
         return self.fs.exists(self.fs_path)
 
     @cached_property
-    def index_key(self) -> Tuple[str, "DataIndexKey"]:
+    def index_key(self) -> tuple[str, "DataIndexKey"]:
         if self.is_in_repo:
             workspace = "repo"
             key = self.repo.fs.relparts(self.fs_path, self.repo.root_dir)
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ class Output:
             return self.meta.version_id != self.get_meta().version_id
         return False
 
-    def workspace_status(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def workspace_status(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         if not self.exists:
             return {str(self): "deleted"}
 
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ class Output:
 
         return {}
 
-    def status(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def status(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         if self.hash_info and self.use_cache and self.changed_cache():
             return {str(self): "not in cache"}
 
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ class Output:
     def dumpd(self, **kwargs):  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
         from dvc.cachemgr import LEGACY_HASH_NAMES
 
-        ret: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        ret: dict[str, Any] = {}
         with_files = (
             (not self.IS_DEPENDENCY or self.stage.is_import)
             and self.hash_info.isdir
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ class Output:
         filter_info: Optional[str] = None,
         allow_missing: bool = False,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Optional[Tuple[bool, Optional[bool]]]:
+    ) -> Optional[tuple[bool, Optional[bool]]]:
         # callback passed act as a aggregate callback.
         # do not let checkout to call set_size and change progressbar.
         class CallbackProxy(Callback):
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ class Output:
 
     def get_used_objs(  # noqa: PLR0911
         self, **kwargs
-    ) -> Dict[Optional["HashFileDB"], Set["HashInfo"]]:
+    ) -> dict[Optional["HashFileDB"], set["HashInfo"]]:
         """Return filtered set of used object IDs for this out."""
         from dvc.cachemgr import LEGACY_HASH_NAMES
 
@@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@ class Output:
             nfiles=len(merged),
         )
 
-    def unstage(self, path: str) -> Tuple["Meta", "Tree"]:
+    def unstage(self, path: str) -> tuple["Meta", "Tree"]:
         from pygtrie import Trie
 
         rel_key = tuple(self.fs.parts(self.fs.relpath(path, self.fs_path)))
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@ class Output:
         path: str,
         obj: Union["Tree", "HashFile"],
         meta: "Meta",
-    ) -> Tuple["Meta", "Tree"]:
+    ) -> tuple["Meta", "Tree"]:
         from pygtrie import Trie
 
         append_only = True
@@ -1514,7 +1514,7 @@ META_SCHEMA = {
 
 CLOUD_SCHEMA = vol.All({str: {**META_SCHEMA, **CHECKSUMS_SCHEMA}}, vol.Length(max=1))
 
-ARTIFACT_SCHEMA: Dict[Any, Any] = {
+ARTIFACT_SCHEMA: dict[Any, Any] = {
     **CHECKSUMS_SCHEMA,
     **META_SCHEMA,
     Output.PARAM_PATH: str,
@@ -1523,7 +1523,7 @@ ARTIFACT_SCHEMA: Dict[Any, Any] = {
     Output.PARAM_HASH: str,
 }
 
-DIR_FILES_SCHEMA: Dict[Any, Any] = {
+DIR_FILES_SCHEMA: dict[Any, Any] = {
     **CHECKSUMS_SCHEMA,
     **META_SCHEMA,
     vol.Required(Tree.PARAM_RELPATH): str,

dvc/parsing/__init__.py

@@ -6,12 +6,8 @@ from itertools import product
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Dict,
-    List,
     NamedTuple,
     Optional,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -85,7 +81,7 @@ def format_and_raise(exc: Exception, msg: str, path: str) -> "NoReturn":
 
 
 def _reraise_err(
-    exc_cls: Type[Exception], *args, from_exc: Optional[Exception] = None
+    exc_cls: type[Exception], *args, from_exc: Optional[Exception] = None
 ) -> "NoReturn":
     err = exc_cls(*args)
     if from_exc and logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
@@ -108,7 +104,7 @@ def is_map_or_seq(data: Any) -> bool:
     return not isinstance(data, str) and _is_map_or_seq(data)
 
 
-def split_group_name(name: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
+def split_group_name(name: str) -> tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
     group, *keys = name.rsplit(JOIN, maxsplit=1)
     return group, first(keys)
 
@@ -161,14 +157,14 @@ class DataResolver:
 
         # we use `tracked_vars` to keep a dictionary of used variables
         # by the interpolated entries.
-        self.tracked_vars: Dict[str, Mapping] = {}
+        self.tracked_vars: dict[str, Mapping] = {}
 
         stages_data = d.get(STAGES_KWD, {})
         # we wrap the definitions into:
         # ForeachDefinition, MatrixDefinition, and EntryDefinition
         # that helps us to optimize, cache and selectively load each one of
         # them as we need, and simplify all of this DSL/parsing logic.
-        self.definitions: Dict[str, Definition] = {
+        self.definitions: dict[str, Definition] = {
             name: make_definition(self, name, definition)
             for name, definition in stages_data.items()
         }
@@ -376,7 +372,7 @@ class ForeachDefinition:
                 f" in '{self.relpath}': expected list/dictionary, got " + typ
             )
 
-    def _warn_if_overwriting(self, keys: List[str]):
+    def _warn_if_overwriting(self, keys: list[str]):
         warn_for = [k for k in keys if k in self.context]
         if warn_for:
             linking_verb = "is" if len(warn_for) == 1 else "are"
@@ -390,7 +386,7 @@ class ForeachDefinition:
                 self.name,
             )
 
-    def _inserted_keys(self, iterable) -> List[str]:
+    def _inserted_keys(self, iterable) -> list[str]:
         keys = [self.pair.value]
         if isinstance(iterable, Mapping):
             keys.append(self.pair.key)
@@ -490,10 +486,10 @@ class MatrixDefinition:
         return self._template
 
     @cached_property
-    def resolved_iterable(self) -> Dict[str, List]:
+    def resolved_iterable(self) -> dict[str, list]:
         return self._resolve_matrix_data()
 
-    def _resolve_matrix_data(self) -> Dict[str, List]:
+    def _resolve_matrix_data(self) -> dict[str, list]:
         try:
             iterable = self.context.resolve(self.matrix_data, unwrap=False)
         except (ContextError, ParseError) as exc:
@@ -504,7 +500,7 @@ class MatrixDefinition:
         self._warn_if_overwriting([self.pair.key, self.pair.value])
         return iterable
 
-    def _warn_if_overwriting(self, keys: List[str]):
+    def _warn_if_overwriting(self, keys: list[str]):
         warn_for = [k for k in keys if k in self.context]
         if warn_for:
             linking_verb = "is" if len(warn_for) == 1 else "are"
@@ -519,16 +515,16 @@ class MatrixDefinition:
             )
 
     @cached_property
-    def normalized_iterable(self) -> Dict[str, "DictStrAny"]:
+    def normalized_iterable(self) -> dict[str, "DictStrAny"]:
         """Convert sequence to Mapping with keys normalized."""
         iterable = self.resolved_iterable
         assert isinstance(iterable, Mapping)
 
-        ret: Dict[str, "DictStrAny"] = {}
+        ret: dict[str, "DictStrAny"] = {}
         matrix = {key: enumerate(v) for key, v in iterable.items()}
         for combination in product(*matrix.values()):
             d: "DictStrAny" = {}
-            fragments: List[str] = []
+            fragments: list[str] = []
             for k, (i, v) in zip(matrix.keys(), combination):
                 d[k] = v
                 fragments.append(f"{k}{i}" if is_map_or_seq(v) else to_str(v))
@@ -540,7 +536,7 @@ class MatrixDefinition:
     def has_member(self, key: str) -> bool:
         return key in self.normalized_iterable
 
-    def get_generated_names(self) -> List[str]:
+    def get_generated_names(self) -> list[str]:
         return list(map(self._generate_name, self.normalized_iterable))
 
     def _generate_name(self, key: str) -> str:

dvc/parsing/context.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping, MutableSequence, Sequence
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from copy import deepcopy
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field, replace
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
 from funcy import identity, lfilter, nullcontext, select
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from dvc.parsing.interpolate import (
 
 logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 SeqOrMap = Union[Sequence, Mapping]
-DictStr = Dict[str, Any]
+DictStr = dict[str, Any]
 
 
 class ContextError(DvcException):
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def recurse_not_a_node(data: dict):
 @dataclass
 class Meta:
     source: Optional[str] = None
-    dpaths: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    dpaths: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
     local: bool = True
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class Context(CtxDict):
         """
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         self._track = False
-        self._tracked_data: Dict[str, Dict] = defaultdict(dict)
+        self._tracked_data: dict[str, dict] = defaultdict(dict)
         self.imports = {}
         self._reserved_keys = {}
 
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ class Context(CtxDict):
 
     @classmethod
     def load_from(
-        cls, fs, path: str, select_keys: Optional[List[str]] = None
+        cls, fs, path: str, select_keys: Optional[list[str]] = None
     ) -> "Context":
         from dvc.utils.serialize import load_path
 
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ class Context(CtxDict):
     def load_from_vars(
         self,
         fs,
-        vars_: List,
+        vars_: list,
         wdir: str,
         stage_name: Optional[str] = None,
         default: Optional[str] = None,

dvc/parsing/interpolate.py

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ from dvc.exceptions import DvcException
 from dvc.utils.flatten import flatten
 
 if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import List, Match, NoReturn
+    from re import Match
+    from typing import NoReturn
 
     from pyparsing import ParseException
 
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ def validate_value(value, key):
 
 def str_interpolate(
     template: str,
-    matches: "List[Match]",
+    matches: "list[Match]",
     context: "Context",
     skip_checks: bool = False,
     key=None,
@@ -225,5 +226,5 @@ def str_interpolate(
     return buf.replace(r"\${", BRACE_OPEN)
 
 
-def is_exact_string(src: str, matches: "List[Match]"):
+def is_exact_string(src: str, matches: "list[Match]"):
     return len(matches) == 1 and src == matches[0].group(0)

dvc/progress.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import logging
 import sys
 from threading import RLock
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Dict
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar
 
 from tqdm import tqdm
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class Tqdm(tqdm):
         " [{elapsed}<{remaining}, {rate_fmt:>11}]"
     )
     BAR_FMT_NOTOTAL = "{desc}{bar:b}|{postfix[info]}{n_fmt} [{elapsed}, {rate_fmt:>11}]"
-    BYTES_DEFAULTS: ClassVar[Dict[str, Any]] = {
+    BYTES_DEFAULTS: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]] = {
         "unit": "B",
         "unit_scale": True,
         "unit_divisor": 1024,

dvc/prompt.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 """Manages user prompts."""
 
+from collections.abc import Collection
 from getpass import getpass
-from typing import Collection, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from dvc.log import logger
 

dvc/render/convert.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Dict, List, Union
+from typing import Union
 
 from dvc.render import REVISION, REVISIONS, SRC, TYPE_KEY
 from dvc.render.converter.image import ImageConverter
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def _get_converter(
     raise ValueError(f"Invalid renderer class {renderer_class}")
 
 
-def to_json(renderer, split: bool = False) -> List[Dict]:
+def to_json(renderer, split: bool = False) -> list[dict]:
     if renderer.TYPE == "vega":
         if not renderer.datapoints:
             return []

dvc/render/converter/__init__.py

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 
 class Converter:
     def __init__(
         self,
         plot_id: str,
-        data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-        properties: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        data: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        properties: Optional[dict] = None,
     ):
         self.plot_id = plot_id
         self.properties = properties or {}
         self.data = data or {}
 
-    def convert(self) -> Tuple[List[Tuple[str, str, Any]], Dict]:
+    def convert(self) -> tuple[list[tuple[str, str, Any]], dict]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def flat_datapoints(self, revision: str) -> Tuple[List[Dict], Dict]:
+    def flat_datapoints(self, revision: str) -> tuple[list[dict], dict]:
         raise NotImplementedError

dvc/render/converter/image.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import base64
 import os
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from dvc.render import FILENAME, REVISION, SRC
 
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ class ImageConverter(Converter):
         base64_str = base64.b64encode(image_data).decode()
         return f"data:image;base64,{base64_str}"
 
-    def convert(self) -> Tuple[List[Tuple[str, str, Any]], Dict]:
+    def convert(self) -> tuple[list[tuple[str, str, Any]], dict]:
         datas = []
         for filename, image_data in self.data.items():
             datas.append((filename, "", image_data))
         return datas, self.properties
 
-    def flat_datapoints(self, revision: str) -> Tuple[List[Dict], Dict]:
+    def flat_datapoints(self, revision: str) -> tuple[list[dict], dict]:
         """
         Convert the DVC Plots content to DVC Render datapoints.
         Return both generated datapoints and updated properties.

dvc/render/converter/vega.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import os
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
 from funcy import first, last
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ class FieldNotFoundError(DvcException):
         )
 
 
-def _lists(blob: Union[Dict, List]) -> Iterable[List]:
+def _lists(blob: Union[dict, list]) -> Iterable[list]:
     if isinstance(blob, list):
         yield blob
     else:
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def _file_field(*args):
 def _find(
     filename: str,
     field: str,
-    data_series: List[Tuple[str, str, Any]],
+    data_series: list[tuple[str, str, Any]],
 ):
     for data_file, data_field, data in data_series:
         if data_file == filename and data_field == field:
@@ -51,14 +52,14 @@ def _find(
     return None
 
 
-def _verify_field(file2datapoints: Dict[str, List], filename: str, field: str):
+def _verify_field(file2datapoints: dict[str, list], filename: str, field: str):
     if filename in file2datapoints:
         datapoint = first(file2datapoints[filename])
         if field not in datapoint:
             raise FieldNotFoundError(field, datapoint.keys())
 
 
-def _get_xs(properties: Dict, file2datapoints: Dict[str, List[Dict]]):
+def _get_xs(properties: dict, file2datapoints: dict[str, list[dict]]):
     x = properties.get("x")
     if x is not None and isinstance(x, dict):
         for filename, field in _file_field(x):
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ def _get_xs(properties: Dict, file2datapoints: Dict[str, List[Dict]]):
             yield filename, field
 
 
-def _get_ys(properties, file2datapoints: Dict[str, List[Dict]]):
+def _get_ys(properties, file2datapoints: dict[str, list[dict]]):
     y = properties.get("y", None)
     if y is not None:
         for filename, field in _file_field(y):
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ def _get_ys(properties, file2datapoints: Dict[str, List[Dict]]):
             yield filename, field
 
 
-def _is_datapoints(lst: List[Dict]):
+def _is_datapoints(lst: list[dict]):
     """
     check if dict keys match, datapoints with different keys mgiht lead
     to unexpected behavior
@@ -85,8 +86,8 @@ def _is_datapoints(lst: List[Dict]):
     }
 
 
-def get_datapoints(file_content: Dict):
-    result: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+def get_datapoints(file_content: dict):
+    result: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
     for lst in _lists(file_content):
         if _is_datapoints(lst):
             for index, datapoint in enumerate(lst):
@@ -107,8 +108,8 @@ class VegaConverter(Converter):
     def __init__(
         self,
         plot_id: str,
-        data: Optional[Dict] = None,
-        properties: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        data: Optional[dict] = None,
+        properties: Optional[dict] = None,
     ):
         super().__init__(plot_id, data, properties)
         self.plot_id = plot_id
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ class VegaConverter(Converter):
         x = self.properties.get("x", None)
         y = self.properties.get("y", None)
 
-        inferred_properties: Dict = {}
+        inferred_properties: dict = {}
 
         # Infer x.
         if isinstance(x, str):
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ class VegaConverter(Converter):
     def flat_datapoints(self, revision):  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
         file2datapoints, properties = self.convert()
 
-        props_update: Dict[str, Union[str, List[Dict[str, str]]]] = {}
+        props_update: dict[str, Union[str, list[dict[str, str]]]] = {}
 
         xs = list(_get_xs(properties, file2datapoints))
 
@@ -322,9 +323,9 @@ def _get_short_y_file(y_file, common_prefix_len):
 
 
 def _update_from_field(
-    target_datapoints: List[Dict],
+    target_datapoints: list[dict],
     field: str,
-    source_datapoints: Optional[List[Dict]] = None,
+    source_datapoints: Optional[list[dict]] = None,
     source_field: Optional[str] = None,
 ):
     if source_datapoints is None:
@@ -341,11 +342,11 @@ def _update_from_field(
             datapoint[field] = source_datapoint[source_field]
 
 
-def _update_from_index(datapoints: List[Dict], new_field: str):
+def _update_from_index(datapoints: list[dict], new_field: str):
     for index, datapoint in enumerate(datapoints):
         datapoint[new_field] = index
 
 
-def _update_all(datapoints: List[Dict], update_dict: Dict):
+def _update_all(datapoints: list[dict], update_dict: dict):
     for datapoint in datapoints:
         datapoint.update(update_dict)

dvc/render/match.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, DefaultDict, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NamedTuple, Optional
 
 import dpath
 import dpath.options
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ dpath.options.ALLOW_EMPTY_STRING_KEYS = True
 logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 
 
-def _squash_plots_properties(data: List) -> Dict:
+def _squash_plots_properties(data: list) -> dict:
     configs = [last(group) for group in data]
-    resolved: Dict = {}
+    resolved: dict = {}
     for config in reversed(configs):
         resolved = {**resolved, **config}
     return resolved
 
 
 class PlotsData:
-    def __init__(self, data: Dict):
+    def __init__(self, data: dict):
         self.data = data
 
     def group_definitions(self):
@@ -62,15 +62,15 @@ class PlotsData:
 
 class RendererWithErrors(NamedTuple):
     renderer: "Renderer"
-    source_errors: Dict[str, Dict[str, Exception]]
-    definition_errors: Dict[str, Exception]
+    source_errors: dict[str, dict[str, Exception]]
+    definition_errors: dict[str, Exception]
 
 
 def match_defs_renderers(  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
     data,
     out=None,
     templates_dir: Optional["StrPath"] = None,
-) -> List[RendererWithErrors]:
+) -> list[RendererWithErrors]:
     from dvc_render import ImageRenderer, VegaRenderer
 
     plots_data = PlotsData(data)
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ def match_defs_renderers(  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
     renderer_cls = None
 
     for plot_id, group in plots_data.group_definitions().items():
-        plot_datapoints: List[Dict] = []
+        plot_datapoints: list[dict] = []
         props = _squash_plots_properties(group)
-        first_props: Dict = {}
+        first_props: dict = {}
 
-        def_errors: Dict[str, Exception] = {}
-        src_errors: DefaultDict[str, Dict[str, Exception]] = defaultdict(dict)
+        def_errors: dict[str, Exception] = {}
+        src_errors: defaultdict[str, dict[str, Exception]] = defaultdict(dict)
 
         if out is not None:
             props["out"] = out

dvc/repo/__init__.py

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 import os
 from collections import defaultdict
-from contextlib import contextmanager
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager, contextmanager
 from functools import wraps
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Callable,
-    ContextManager,
-    Iterable,
     Optional,
-    Tuple,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ class Repo:
         fs: Optional["FileSystem"] = None,
         uninitialized: bool = False,
         scm: Optional[Union["Git", "NoSCM"]] = None,
-    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
+    ) -> tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
         from dvc.fs import localfs
         from dvc.scm import SCM, SCMError
 
@@ -268,7 +266,7 @@ class Repo:
         if not isinstance(self.fs, GitFileSystem):
             return None
 
-        relparts: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+        relparts: tuple[str, ...] = ()
         if self.root_dir != "/":
             # subrepo
             relparts = self.fs.relparts(self.root_dir, "/")
@@ -392,7 +390,7 @@ class Repo:
         self,
         path: str,
         workspace: str = "repo",
-    ) -> Tuple["DataIndex", "DataIndexEntry"]:
+    ) -> tuple["DataIndex", "DataIndexEntry"]:
         if self.subrepos:
             fs_path = self.dvcfs.from_os_path(path)
             fs = self.dvcfs.fs
@@ -476,7 +474,7 @@ class Repo:
 
         return brancher(self, *args, **kwargs)
 
-    def switch(self, rev: str) -> ContextManager[str]:
+    def switch(self, rev: str) -> AbstractContextManager[str]:
         from dvc.repo.brancher import switch
 
         return switch(self, rev)
@@ -626,7 +624,7 @@ class Repo:
         cache_dir = self.config["core"].get("site_cache_dir") or site_cache_dir()
 
         if isinstance(self.fs, GitFileSystem):
-            relparts: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+            relparts: tuple[str, ...] = ()
             if self.root_dir != "/":
                 # subrepo
                 relparts = self.fs.relparts(self.root_dir, "/")

dvc/repo/add.py

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 import os
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Dict,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     NamedTuple,
     Optional,
-    Tuple,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -37,7 +34,7 @@ class StageInfo(NamedTuple):
 
 def find_targets(
     targets: Union["StrOrBytesPath", Iterator["StrOrBytesPath"]], glob: bool = False
-) -> List[str]:
+) -> list[str]:
     if isinstance(targets, (str, bytes, os.PathLike)):
         targets_list = [os.fsdecode(targets)]
     else:
@@ -99,7 +96,7 @@ OVERLAPPING_PARENT_FMT = (
 
 
 @contextmanager
-def translate_graph_error(stages: List["Stage"]) -> Iterator[None]:
+def translate_graph_error(stages: list["Stage"]) -> Iterator[None]:
     try:
         yield
     except OverlappingOutputPathsError as exc:
@@ -124,7 +121,7 @@ def translate_graph_error(stages: List["Stage"]) -> Iterator[None]:
         )
 
 
-def progress_iter(stages: Dict[str, StageInfo]) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, StageInfo]]:
+def progress_iter(stages: dict[str, StageInfo]) -> Iterator[tuple[str, StageInfo]]:
     total = len(stages)
     desc = "Adding..."
     with ui.progress(
@@ -151,8 +148,8 @@ LINK_FAILURE_MESSAGE = (
 
 
 @contextmanager
-def warn_link_failures() -> Iterator[List[str]]:
-    link_failures: List[str] = []
+def warn_link_failures() -> Iterator[list[str]]:
+    link_failures: list[str] = []
     try:
         yield link_failures
     finally:
@@ -202,7 +199,7 @@ def add(
     to_remote: bool = False,
     remote_jobs: Optional[int] = None,
     force: bool = False,
-) -> List["Stage"]:
+) -> list["Stage"]:
     add_targets = find_targets(targets, glob=glob)
     if not add_targets:
         return []

dvc/repo/artifacts.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import posixpath
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union
 
 from dvc.annotations import Artifact
 from dvc.dvcfile import PROJECT_FILE
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ class Artifacts:
             return self.repo.scm
         return None
 
-    def read(self) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, Artifact]]:
+    def read(self) -> dict[str, dict[str, Artifact]]:
         """Read artifacts from dvc.yaml."""
-        artifacts: Dict[str, Dict[str, Artifact]] = {}
+        artifacts: dict[str, dict[str, Artifact]] = {}
         for (
             dvcfile,
             dvcfile_artifacts,
@@ -140,14 +140,14 @@ class Artifacts:
 
         assert not (version and stage)
         name = _reformat_name(name)
-        tags: List["GitTag"] = find(
+        tags: list["GitTag"] = find(
             name=name, version=version, stage=stage, scm=self.scm
         )
         if not tags:
             raise ArtifactNotFoundError(name, version=version, stage=stage)
         if version or stage:
             return tags[-1].target
-        gto_tags: List["GTOTag"] = sort_versions(parse_tag(tag) for tag in tags)
+        gto_tags: list["GTOTag"] = sort_versions(parse_tag(tag) for tag in tags)
         return gto_tags[0].tag.target
 
     def get_path(self, name: str):
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class Artifacts:
         out: Optional[str] = None,
         force: bool = False,
         jobs: Optional[int] = None,
-    ) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+    ) -> tuple[int, str]:
         """Download the specified artifact."""
         from dvc.fs import download as fs_download
 
@@ -205,9 +205,9 @@ class Artifacts:
         out: Optional[str] = None,
         force: bool = False,
         jobs: Optional[int] = None,
-        dvc_studio_config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        dvc_studio_config: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+    ) -> tuple[int, str]:
         from dvc_studio_client.model_registry import get_download_uris
 
         from dvc.fs import HTTPFileSystem, generic, localfs
@@ -215,8 +215,8 @@ class Artifacts:
 
         logger.debug("Trying to download artifact '%s' via studio", name)
         out = out or os.getcwd()
-        to_infos: List[str] = []
-        from_infos: List[str] = []
+        to_infos: list[str] = []
+        from_infos: list[str] = []
         if dvc_studio_config is None:
             dvc_studio_config = {}
         dvc_studio_config["repo_url"] = repo_url
@@ -263,9 +263,9 @@ class Artifacts:
         name: str,
         version: Optional[str] = None,
         stage: Optional[str] = None,
-        config: Optional[Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
+        config: Optional[Union[str, dict[str, Any]]] = None,
         remote: Optional[str] = None,
-        remote_config: Optional[Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
+        remote_config: Optional[Union[str, dict[str, Any]]] = None,
         out: Optional[str] = None,
         force: bool = False,
         jobs: Optional[int] = None,

dvc/repo/brancher.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterator, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from scmrepo.git import Git
 
@@ -59,11 +60,11 @@ def brancher(
 
     from dvc.fs import LocalFileSystem
 
-    repo_root_parts: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    repo_root_parts: tuple[str, ...] = ()
     if self.fs.isin(self.root_dir, self.scm.root_dir):
         repo_root_parts = self.fs.relparts(self.root_dir, self.scm.root_dir)
 
-    cwd_parts: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    cwd_parts: tuple[str, ...] = ()
     if self.fs.isin(self.fs.getcwd(), self.scm.root_dir):
         cwd_parts = self.fs.relparts(self.fs.getcwd(), self.scm.root_dir)
 
@@ -112,8 +113,8 @@ def brancher(
 def _switch_fs(
     repo: "Repo",
     rev: str,
-    repo_root_parts: Tuple[str, ...],
-    cwd_parts: Tuple[str, ...],
+    repo_root_parts: tuple[str, ...],
+    cwd_parts: tuple[str, ...],
 ):
     from dvc.fs import GitFileSystem, LocalFileSystem
 
@@ -147,11 +148,11 @@ def switch(repo: "Repo", rev: str) -> Iterator[str]:
     if rev != "workspace":
         rev = resolve_rev(repo.scm, rev)
 
-    repo_root_parts: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    repo_root_parts: tuple[str, ...] = ()
     if repo.fs.isin(repo.root_dir, repo.scm.root_dir):
         repo_root_parts = repo.fs.relparts(repo.root_dir, repo.scm.root_dir)
 
-    cwd_parts: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    cwd_parts: tuple[str, ...] = ()
     if repo.fs.isin(repo.fs.getcwd(), repo.scm.root_dir):
         cwd_parts = repo.fs.relparts(repo.fs.getcwd(), repo.scm.root_dir)
 

dvc/repo/checkout.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import os
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from dvc.exceptions import (
     CheckoutError,
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def _build_out_changes(index, changes):
 
 
 def _check_can_delete(
-    entries: List["DataIndexEntry"],
+    entries: list["DataIndexEntry"],
     index: "BaseDataIndex",
     path: str,
     fs: "FileSystem",
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ def checkout(  # noqa: C901
     from dvc.stage.exceptions import StageFileBadNameError, StageFileDoesNotExistError
     from dvc_data.index.checkout import ADD, DELETE, MODIFY, apply, compare
 
-    stats: Dict[str, List[str]] = {
+    stats: dict[str, list[str]] = {
         "added": [],
         "deleted": [],
         "modified": [],

dvc/repo/collect.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Optional
 
 from dvc.log import logger
 
@@ -10,8 +11,8 @@ logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 
 
 FilterFn = Callable[["Output"], bool]
-Outputs = List["Output"]
-StrPaths = List[str]
+Outputs = list["Output"]
+StrPaths = list[str]
 
 
 def _collect_outs(
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def _collect_paths(
 
 def _filter_outs(
     outs: Outputs, fs_paths: StrPaths, duplicates=False
-) -> Tuple[Outputs, StrPaths]:
+) -> tuple[Outputs, StrPaths]:
     res_outs: Outputs = []
     fs_res_paths = fs_paths
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ def collect(
     output_filter: Optional[FilterFn] = None,
     recursive: bool = False,
     duplicates: bool = False,
-) -> Tuple[Outputs, StrPaths]:
+) -> tuple[Outputs, StrPaths]:
     assert targets or output_filter
 
     outs: Outputs = _collect_outs(repo, output_filter=output_filter, deps=deps)

dvc/repo/commit.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Set
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from dvc import prompt
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def commit_2_to_3(repo: "Repo", dry: bool = False):
             stage.dump(update_pipeline=False)
 
 
-def _migrateable_dvcfiles(view: "IndexView") -> Set[str]:
+def _migrateable_dvcfiles(view: "IndexView") -> set[str]:
     from dvc.dvcfile import ProjectFile
 
     migrated = set()

dvc/repo/data.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import posixpath
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, List, TypedDict, Union
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypedDict, Union
 
 from dvc.fs.callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
 from dvc.ui import ui
@@ -53,11 +54,11 @@ def _diff(
     not_in_remote: bool = False,
     remote_refresh: bool = False,
     callback: "Callback" = DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
-) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
     from dvc_data.index import StorageError
     from dvc_data.index.diff import UNCHANGED, UNKNOWN, diff
 
-    ret: Dict[str, List[str]] = {}
+    ret: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
 
     def _add_change(typ, change):
         typ = _adapt_typ(typ)
@@ -115,9 +116,9 @@ def _diff(
 
 
 class GitInfo(TypedDict, total=False):
-    staged: Dict[str, List[str]]
-    unstaged: Dict[str, List[str]]
-    untracked: List[str]
+    staged: dict[str, list[str]]
+    unstaged: dict[str, list[str]]
+    untracked: list[str]
     is_empty: bool
     is_dirty: bool
 
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ def _git_info(scm: Union["Git", "NoSCM"], untracked_files: str = "all") -> GitIn
     )
 
 
-def _diff_index_to_wtree(repo: "Repo", **kwargs: Any) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+def _diff_index_to_wtree(repo: "Repo", **kwargs: Any) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
     from .index import build_data_index
 
     with ui.progress(
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ def _diff_index_to_wtree(repo: "Repo", **kwargs: Any) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
 
 def _diff_head_to_index(
     repo: "Repo", head: str = "HEAD", **kwargs: Any
-) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
     index = repo.index.data["repo"]
 
     with repo.switch(head):
@@ -194,16 +195,16 @@ def _diff_head_to_index(
 
 
 class Status(TypedDict):
-    not_in_cache: List[str]
-    not_in_remote: List[str]
-    committed: Dict[str, List[str]]
-    uncommitted: Dict[str, List[str]]
-    untracked: List[str]
-    unchanged: List[str]
+    not_in_cache: list[str]
+    not_in_remote: list[str]
+    committed: dict[str, list[str]]
+    uncommitted: dict[str, list[str]]
+    untracked: list[str]
+    unchanged: list[str]
     git: GitInfo
 
 
-def _transform_git_paths_to_dvc(repo: "Repo", files: Iterable[str]) -> List[str]:
+def _transform_git_paths_to_dvc(repo: "Repo", files: Iterable[str]) -> list[str]:
     """Transform files rel. to Git root to DVC root, and drop outside files."""
     rel = repo.fs.relpath(repo.root_dir, repo.scm.root_dir).rstrip("/")
 

dvc/repo/diff.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import errno
 import os
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from dvc.log import logger
 from dvc.repo import locked
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def _diff(old, new, data_keys, with_missing=False):
     from dvc_data.index.diff import ADD, DELETE, MODIFY, RENAME
     from dvc_data.index.diff import diff as idiff
 
-    ret: "Dict[str, List[Dict]]" = {
+    ret: "dict[str, list[dict]]" = {
         "added": [],
         "deleted": [],
         "modified": [],
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ def diff(
     self,
     a_rev: str = "HEAD",
     b_rev: Optional[str] = None,
-    targets: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    targets: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     recursive: bool = False,
 ):
     """

dvc/repo/du.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
 
 def du(
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ def du(
     path: Optional[str] = None,
     rev: Optional[str] = None,
     summarize: bool = False,
-    config: Union[None, Dict[str, Any], str] = None,
+    config: Union[None, dict[str, Any], str] = None,
     remote: Optional[str] = None,
     remote_config: Optional[dict] = None,
 ):

dvc/repo/experiments/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import re
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from funcy import chain, first
 
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ class Experiments:
         return ExpCache(self.repo)
 
     @property
-    def stash_revs(self) -> Dict[str, "ExpStashEntry"]:
+    def stash_revs(self) -> dict[str, "ExpStashEntry"]:
         revs = {}
         for queue in (self.workspace_queue, self.celery_queue):
             revs.update(queue.stash.stash_revs)
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ class Experiments:
     def reproduce_one(
         self,
         tmp_dir: bool = False,
-        copy_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        copy_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         message: Optional[str] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -143,8 +144,8 @@ class Experiments:
 
     def reproduce_celery(
         self, entries: Optional[Iterable["QueueEntry"]] = None, **kwargs
-    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
-        results: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
+        results: dict[str, str] = {}
         if entries is None:
             entries = list(
                 chain(
@@ -250,10 +251,10 @@ class Experiments:
     def _reproduce_queue(
         self,
         queue: "BaseStashQueue",
-        copy_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        copy_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         message: Optional[str] = None,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
         """Reproduce queued experiments.
 
         Arguments:
@@ -265,7 +266,7 @@ class Experiments:
         """
         exec_results = queue.reproduce(copy_paths=copy_paths, message=message)
 
-        results: Dict[str, str] = {}
+        results: dict[str, str] = {}
         for _, exp_result in exec_results.items():
             results.update(exp_result)
         return results
@@ -319,12 +320,12 @@ class Experiments:
             raise MultipleBranchError(rev, ref_infos)
         return str(ref_infos[0])
 
-    def get_exact_name(self, revs: Iterable[str]) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+    def get_exact_name(self, revs: Iterable[str]) -> dict[str, Optional[str]]:
         """Returns preferred name for the specified revision.
 
         Prefers tags, branches (heads), experiments in that order.
         """
-        result: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+        result: dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
         exclude = f"{EXEC_NAMESPACE}/*"
         ref_dict = self.scm.describe(revs, base=EXPS_NAMESPACE, exclude=exclude)
         for rev in revs:

dvc/repo/experiments/brancher.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterator, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from dvc.repo.experiments.exceptions import InvalidExpRevError
 from dvc.scm import RevError
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 def switch_repo(
     repo: "Repo",
     rev: str,
-) -> Iterator[Tuple["Repo", str]]:
+) -> Iterator[tuple["Repo", str]]:
     """Return a repo instance (brancher) switched to rev.
 
     If rev is the name of a running experiment, the returned instance will be

dvc/repo/experiments/collect.py

@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 import itertools
 import os
+from collections.abc import Collection, Iterable, Iterator
 from dataclasses import fields
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Collection,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Tuple,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -142,7 +137,7 @@ def collect_queued(
     repo: "Repo",
     baseline_revs: Collection[str],
     **kwargs,
-) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
     """Collect queued experiments derived from the specified revisions.
 
     Args:
@@ -177,7 +172,7 @@ def collect_active(
     repo: "Repo",
     baseline_revs: Collection[str],
     **kwargs,
-) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
     """Collect active (running) experiments derived from the specified revisions.
 
     Args:
@@ -189,7 +184,7 @@ def collect_active(
     """
     if not baseline_revs:
         return {}
-    result: Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]] = {}
+    result: dict[str, list["ExpRange"]] = {}
     exps = repo.experiments
     for queue in (exps.workspace_queue, exps.tempdir_queue, exps.celery_queue):
         for baseline, active_exps in queue.collect_active_data(
@@ -206,7 +201,7 @@ def collect_failed(
     repo: "Repo",
     baseline_revs: Collection[str],
     **kwargs,
-) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
     """Collect failed experiments derived from the specified revisions.
 
     Args:
@@ -225,7 +220,7 @@ def collect_successful(
     repo: "Repo",
     baseline_revs: Collection[str],
     **kwargs,
-) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
     """Collect successful experiments derived from the specified revisions.
 
     Args:
@@ -235,7 +230,7 @@ def collect_successful(
     Returns:
         Dict mapping baseline revision to successful experiments.
     """
-    result: Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]] = {}
+    result: dict[str, list["ExpRange"]] = {}
     for baseline_rev in baseline_revs:
         result[baseline_rev] = list(_collect_baseline(repo, baseline_rev, **kwargs))
     return result
@@ -282,7 +277,7 @@ def _collect_baseline(
 
 def collect(
     repo: "Repo",
-    revs: Union[List[str], str, None] = None,
+    revs: Union[list[str], str, None] = None,
     all_branches: bool = False,
     all_tags: bool = False,
     all_commits: bool = False,
@@ -291,7 +286,7 @@ def collect(
     hide_failed: bool = False,
     sha_only: bool = False,
     **kwargs,
-) -> List["ExpState"]:
+) -> list["ExpState"]:
     """Collect baseline revisions and derived experiments."""
     assert isinstance(repo.scm, Git)
     if repo.scm.no_commits:
@@ -312,14 +307,14 @@ def collect(
         )
     )
     if sha_only:
-        baseline_names: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+        baseline_names: dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
     else:
         baseline_names = describe(
             repo.scm, baseline_revs, refs=cached_refs, logger=logger
         )
 
     workspace_data = collect_rev(repo, "workspace", **kwargs)
-    result: List["ExpState"] = [workspace_data]
+    result: list["ExpState"] = [workspace_data]
     queued = collect_queued(repo, baseline_revs, **kwargs) if not hide_queued else {}
     active = collect_active(repo, baseline_revs, **kwargs)
     failed = collect_failed(repo, baseline_revs, **kwargs) if not hide_failed else {}
@@ -345,10 +340,10 @@ def collect(
     return result
 
 
-def _sorted_ranges(exp_ranges: Iterable["ExpRange"]) -> List["ExpRange"]:
+def _sorted_ranges(exp_ranges: Iterable["ExpRange"]) -> list["ExpRange"]:
     """Return list of ExpRange sorted by (timestamp, rev)."""
 
-    def _head_timestamp(exp_range: "ExpRange") -> Tuple[datetime, str]:
+    def _head_timestamp(exp_range: "ExpRange") -> tuple[datetime, str]:
         head_exp = first(exp_range.revs)
         if head_exp and head_exp.data and head_exp.data.timestamp:
             return head_exp.data.timestamp, head_exp.rev

dvc/repo/experiments/exceptions.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection, Iterable, Optional
+from collections.abc import Collection, Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from dvc.exceptions import DvcException, InvalidArgumentError
 

dvc/repo/experiments/executor/base.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import os
 import pickle
 import shutil
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
 from enum import IntEnum
@@ -11,15 +12,8 @@ from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     NamedTuple,
     Optional,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
-    TypeVar,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -41,6 +35,8 @@ from dvc.utils.studio import env_to_config
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from queue import Queue
 
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
     from dvc.repo import Repo
     from dvc.repo.experiments.stash import ExpStashEntry
     from dvc.scm import Git
@@ -112,9 +108,6 @@ class ExecutorInfo:
         return cls.from_dict(load_json(filename))
 
 
-_T = TypeVar("_T", bound="BaseExecutor")
-
-
 class BaseExecutor(ABC):
     """Base class for executing experiments in parallel.
 
@@ -185,7 +178,7 @@ class BaseExecutor(ABC):
     @property
     def info(self) -> "ExecutorInfo":
         if self.result is not None:
-            result_dict: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            result_dict: dict[str, Any] = {
                 "result_hash": self.result.exp_hash,
                 "result_ref": (
                     str(self.result.ref_info) if self.result.ref_info else None
@@ -207,7 +200,7 @@ class BaseExecutor(ABC):
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_info(cls: Type[_T], info: "ExecutorInfo") -> _T:
+    def from_info(cls, info: "ExecutorInfo") -> "Self":
         if info.result_hash:
             result: Optional["ExecutorResult"] = ExecutorResult(
                 info.result_hash,
@@ -229,21 +222,21 @@ class BaseExecutor(ABC):
     @classmethod
     @abstractmethod
     def from_stash_entry(
-        cls: Type[_T],
+        cls,
         repo: "Repo",
         entry: "ExpStashEntry",
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> _T:
+    ) -> "Self":
         pass
 
     @classmethod
     def _from_stash_entry(
-        cls: Type[_T],
+        cls,
         repo: "Repo",
         entry: "ExpStashEntry",
         root_dir: str,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> _T:
+    ) -> "Self":
         return cls(
             root_dir=root_dir,
             dvc_dir=relpath(repo.dvc_dir, repo.scm.root_dir),
@@ -255,7 +248,7 @@ class BaseExecutor(ABC):
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_top_level_paths(cls, repo: "Repo") -> List["str"]:
+    def _get_top_level_paths(cls, repo: "Repo") -> list["str"]:
         return list(
             chain(
                 _collect_top_level_metrics(repo),
@@ -271,7 +264,7 @@ class BaseExecutor(ABC):
         targets: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
         recursive: bool = False,
         force: bool = False,
-        include_untracked: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        include_untracked: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         message: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> ExecutorResult:
         from dvc.dvcfile import LOCK_FILE
@@ -382,7 +375,7 @@ class BaseExecutor(ABC):
     def fetch_exps(
         self,
         dest_scm: "Git",
-        refs: List[str],
+        refs: list[str],
         force: bool = False,
         on_diverged: Optional[Callable[[str], None]] = None,
         **kwargs,
@@ -457,7 +450,7 @@ class BaseExecutor(ABC):
         infofile: Optional[str] = None,
         log_errors: bool = True,
         log_level: Optional[int] = None,
-        copy_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        copy_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         message: Optional[str] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> "ExecutorResult":
@@ -565,7 +558,7 @@ class BaseExecutor(ABC):
         git_remote,
         repro_force,
         message: Optional[str] = None,
-    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional["ExpRefInfo"], bool]:
+    ) -> tuple[Optional[str], Optional["ExpRefInfo"], bool]:
         cls.commit(
             dvc.scm,
             exp_hash,
@@ -598,7 +591,7 @@ class BaseExecutor(ABC):
         info: "ExecutorInfo",
         infofile: Optional[str] = None,
         log_errors: bool = True,
-        copy_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        copy_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         message: Optional[str] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> Iterator["Repo"]:
@@ -790,7 +783,7 @@ class BaseExecutor(ABC):
             raise DvcException(f"Unable to copy '{src}' to '{dst}'.") from exc
 
     @contextmanager
-    def set_temp_refs(self, scm: "Git", temp_dict: Dict[str, str]):
+    def set_temp_refs(self, scm: "Git", temp_dict: dict[str, str]):
         try:
             for ref, rev in temp_dict.items():
                 scm.set_ref(ref, rev)

dvc/repo/experiments/ls.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 from dvc.log import logger
 from dvc.repo import locked
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 @scm_context
 def ls(
     repo,
-    rev: Optional[Union[List[str], str]] = None,
+    rev: Optional[Union[list[str], str]] = None,
     all_commits: bool = False,
     num: int = 1,
     git_remote: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> Dict[str, List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]]:
+) -> dict[str, list[tuple[str, Optional[str]]]]:
     """List experiments.
 
     Returns a dict mapping baseline revs to a list of (exp_name, exp_sha) tuples.

dvc/repo/experiments/pull.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import Iterable, List, Mapping, Optional, Set, Union
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 from funcy import group_by
 from scmrepo.git.backend.base import SyncStatus
@@ -23,13 +24,13 @@ def pull(  # noqa: C901
     git_remote: str,
     exp_names: Optional[Union[Iterable[str], str]] = None,
     all_commits=False,
-    rev: Optional[Union[List[str], str]] = None,
+    rev: Optional[Union[list[str], str]] = None,
     num=1,
     force: bool = False,
     pull_cache: bool = False,
     **kwargs,
 ) -> Iterable[str]:
-    exp_ref_set: Set["ExpRefInfo"] = set()
+    exp_ref_set: set["ExpRefInfo"] = set()
     if all_commits:
         exp_ref_set.update(exp_refs(repo.scm, git_remote))
     elif exp_names:
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ def _pull(
     git_remote: str,
     refs: Iterable["ExpRefInfo"],
     force: bool,
-) -> Mapping[SyncStatus, List["ExpRefInfo"]]:
+) -> Mapping[SyncStatus, list["ExpRefInfo"]]:
     refspec_list = [f"{exp_ref}:{exp_ref}" for exp_ref in refs]
     logger.debug("git pull experiment '%s' -> '%s'", git_remote, refspec_list)
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ def _pull(
     def group_result(refspec):
         return results[str(refspec)]
 
-    pull_result: Mapping[SyncStatus, List["ExpRefInfo"]] = group_by(group_result, refs)
+    pull_result: Mapping[SyncStatus, list["ExpRefInfo"]] = group_by(group_result, refs)
 
     return pull_result
 

dvc/repo/experiments/push.py

@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
-    Set,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -39,7 +35,7 @@ class UploadError(DvcException):
 
 
 def notify_refs_to_studio(
-    repo: "Repo", git_remote: str, **refs: List[str]
+    repo: "Repo", git_remote: str, **refs: list[str]
 ) -> Optional[str]:
     import os
 
@@ -67,7 +63,7 @@ def notify_refs_to_studio(
     return d.get("url")
 
 
-def exp_refs_from_names(scm: "Git", exp_names: List[str]) -> Set["ExpRefInfo"]:
+def exp_refs_from_names(scm: "Git", exp_names: list[str]) -> set["ExpRefInfo"]:
     exp_ref_set = set()
     exp_ref_dict = resolve_name(scm, exp_names)
     unresolved_exp_names = []
@@ -82,7 +78,7 @@ def exp_refs_from_names(scm: "Git", exp_names: List[str]) -> Set["ExpRefInfo"]:
     return exp_ref_set
 
 
-def exp_refs_from_rev(scm: "Git", rev: List[str], num: int = 1) -> Set["ExpRefInfo"]:
+def exp_refs_from_rev(scm: "Git", rev: list[str], num: int = 1) -> set["ExpRefInfo"]:
     exp_ref_set = set()
     rev_dict = iter_revs(scm, rev, num)
     rev_set = set(rev_dict.keys())
@@ -97,15 +93,15 @@ def exp_refs_from_rev(scm: "Git", rev: List[str], num: int = 1) -> Set["ExpRefIn
 def push(
     repo: "Repo",
     git_remote: str,
-    exp_names: Optional[Union[List[str], str]] = None,
+    exp_names: Optional[Union[list[str], str]] = None,
     all_commits: bool = False,
-    rev: Optional[Union[List[str], str]] = None,
+    rev: Optional[Union[list[str], str]] = None,
     num: int = 1,
     force: bool = False,
     push_cache: bool = False,
     **kwargs: Any,
-) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-    exp_ref_set: Set["ExpRefInfo"] = set()
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    exp_ref_set: set["ExpRefInfo"] = set()
     assert isinstance(repo.scm, Git)
     if all_commits:
         exp_ref_set.update(exp_refs(repo.scm))
@@ -123,7 +119,7 @@ def push(
         status.name.lower(): [ref.name for ref in ref_list]
         for status, ref_list in push_result.items()
     }
-    result: Dict[str, Any] = {**refs, "uploaded": 0}
+    result: dict[str, Any] = {**refs, "uploaded": 0}
 
     pushed_refs_info = (
         push_result[SyncStatus.UP_TO_DATE] + push_result[SyncStatus.SUCCESS]
@@ -149,7 +145,7 @@ def _push(
     git_remote: str,
     refs: Iterable["ExpRefInfo"],
     force: bool,
-) -> Mapping[SyncStatus, List["ExpRefInfo"]]:
+) -> Mapping[SyncStatus, list["ExpRefInfo"]]:
     from scmrepo.exceptions import AuthError
 
     from dvc.scm import GitAuthError
@@ -171,7 +167,7 @@ def _push(
     def group_result(refspec):
         return results[str(refspec)]
 
-    pull_result: Mapping[SyncStatus, List["ExpRefInfo"]] = group_by(group_result, refs)
+    pull_result: Mapping[SyncStatus, list["ExpRefInfo"]] = group_by(group_result, refs)
 
     return pull_result
 

dvc/repo/experiments/queue/base.py

@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
 import os
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Collection, Generator, Iterable, Mapping
 from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Collection,
-    Dict,
-    Generator,
-    Iterable,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
     NamedTuple,
     Optional,
-    Type,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -69,11 +63,11 @@ class QueueEntry:
             and self.stash_rev == other.stash_rev
         )
 
-    def asdict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def asdict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return asdict(self)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_dict(cls, d: Dict[str, Any]) -> "QueueEntry":
+    def from_dict(cls, d: dict[str, Any]) -> "QueueEntry":
         return cls(**d)
 
 
@@ -150,7 +144,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
         all_: bool = False,
         queued: bool = False,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> List[str]:
+    ) -> list[str]:
         """Remove the specified entries from the queue.
 
         Arguments:
@@ -165,8 +159,8 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
         if all_ or queued:
             return self.clear()
 
-        name_to_remove: List[str] = []
-        entry_to_remove: List[ExpStashEntry] = []
+        name_to_remove: list[str] = []
+        entry_to_remove: list[ExpStashEntry] = []
         queue_entries = self.match_queue_entry_by_name(revs, self.iter_queued())
         for name, entry in queue_entries.items():
             if entry:
@@ -176,7 +170,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
         self.stash.remove_revs(entry_to_remove)
         return name_to_remove
 
-    def clear(self, **kwargs) -> List[str]:
+    def clear(self, **kwargs) -> list[str]:
         """Remove all entries from the queue."""
         stash_revs = self.stash.stash_revs
         name_to_remove = list(stash_revs)
@@ -184,11 +178,11 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
 
         return name_to_remove
 
-    def status(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def status(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Show the status of exp tasks in queue"""
         from datetime import datetime
 
-        result: List[Dict[str, Optional[str]]] = []
+        result: list[dict[str, Optional[str]]] = []
 
         def _get_timestamp(rev: str) -> datetime:
             commit = self.scm.resolve_commit(rev)
@@ -198,7 +192,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
             entry: QueueEntry,
             exp_result: Optional["ExecutorResult"] = None,
             status: str = "Unknown",
-        ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        ) -> dict[str, Any]:
             name = entry.name
             if not name and exp_result and exp_result.ref_info:
                 name = exp_result.ref_info.name
@@ -251,7 +245,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
 
     @abstractmethod
     def reproduce(
-        self, copy_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None, message: Optional[str] = None
+        self, copy_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None, message: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
         """Reproduce queued experiments sequentially."""
 
@@ -300,7 +294,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
     def _stash_exp(
         self,
         *args,
-        params: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        params: Optional[dict[str, list[str]]] = None,
         baseline_rev: Optional[str] = None,
         branch: Optional[str] = None,
         name: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -460,7 +454,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
             f"from '{config_path}': {param_list}"
         )
 
-    def _update_params(self, params: Dict[str, List[str]]):
+    def _update_params(self, params: dict[str, list[str]]):
         """Update param files with the provided `Hydra Override`_ patterns.
 
         Args:
@@ -528,7 +522,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
         cls,
         exp: "Experiments",
         queue_entry: QueueEntry,
-        executor_cls: Type[BaseExecutor] = WorkspaceExecutor,
+        executor_cls: type[BaseExecutor] = WorkspaceExecutor,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> BaseExecutor:
         stash_entry = cls.get_stash_entry(exp, queue_entry)
@@ -563,7 +557,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
         exp: "Experiments",
         executor: BaseExecutor,
         exec_result: "ExecutorResult",
-    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
         results = {}
 
         def on_diverged(ref: str):
@@ -593,7 +587,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
         exp: "Experiments",
         executor: BaseExecutor,
         exec_result: "ExecutorResult",
-    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
         results = cls.collect_git(exp, executor, exec_result)
 
         if exec_result.ref_info is not None:
@@ -605,11 +599,11 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
         self,
         exp_names: Collection[str],
         *entries: Iterable[Union[QueueEntry, QueueDoneResult]],
-    ) -> Dict[str, Optional[QueueEntry]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, Optional[QueueEntry]]:
         from funcy import concat
 
-        entry_name_dict: Dict[str, QueueEntry] = {}
-        entry_rev_dict: Dict[str, QueueEntry] = {}
+        entry_name_dict: dict[str, QueueEntry] = {}
+        entry_rev_dict: dict[str, QueueEntry] = {}
         for entry in concat(*entries):
             if isinstance(entry, QueueDoneResult):
                 queue_entry: QueueEntry = entry.entry
@@ -624,7 +618,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
                 entry_name_dict[name] = queue_entry
             entry_rev_dict[queue_entry.stash_rev] = queue_entry
 
-        result: Dict[str, Optional[QueueEntry]] = {}
+        result: dict[str, Optional[QueueEntry]] = {}
         for exp_name in exp_names:
             result[exp_name] = None
             if exp_name in entry_name_dict:
@@ -666,7 +660,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
         baseline_revs: Optional[Collection[str]],
         fetch_refs: bool = False,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
         """Collect data for active (running) experiments.
 
         Args:
@@ -685,7 +679,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
         self,
         baseline_revs: Optional[Collection[str]],
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
         """Collect data for queued experiments.
 
         Args:
@@ -702,7 +696,7 @@ class BaseStashQueue(ABC):
         self,
         baseline_revs: Optional[Collection[str]],
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
         """Collect data for failed experiments.
 
         Args:

dvc/repo/experiments/queue/celery.py

@@ -3,16 +3,11 @@ import locale
 import logging
 import os
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Collection, Generator, Mapping
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Collection,
-    Dict,
-    Generator,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
     NamedTuple,
     Optional,
-    Set,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -166,7 +161,7 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         """
 
         logger.debug("Spawning %s exp queue workers", count)
-        active_worker: Dict = self.worker_status()
+        active_worker: dict = self.worker_status()
 
         started = 0
         for num in range(1, 1 + count):
@@ -183,7 +178,7 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
     def put(
         self,
         *args,
-        copy_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        copy_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         message: Optional[str] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> QueueEntry:
@@ -265,7 +260,7 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
                 yield QueueDoneResult(queue_entry, exp_result)
 
     def reproduce(
-        self, copy_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None, message: Optional[str] = None
+        self, copy_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None, message: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -333,8 +328,8 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         while not self.proc.get(entry.stash_rev):
             time.sleep(sleep_interval)
 
-    def _get_running_task_ids(self) -> Set[str]:
-        running_task_ids: Set[str] = set()
+    def _get_running_task_ids(self) -> set[str]:
+        running_task_ids: set[str] = set()
         active_workers = self.worker_status()
         for _, tasks in active_workers.items():
             task = first(tasks)
@@ -343,9 +338,9 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         return running_task_ids
 
     def _try_to_kill_tasks(
-        self, to_kill: Dict[QueueEntry, str], force: bool
-    ) -> Dict[QueueEntry, str]:
-        fail_to_kill_entries: Dict[QueueEntry, str] = {}
+        self, to_kill: dict[QueueEntry, str], force: bool
+    ) -> dict[QueueEntry, str]:
+        fail_to_kill_entries: dict[QueueEntry, str] = {}
         for queue_entry, rev in to_kill.items():
             try:
                 if force:
@@ -358,9 +353,9 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         return fail_to_kill_entries
 
     def _mark_inactive_tasks_failure(
-        self, remained_entries: Dict[QueueEntry, str]
+        self, remained_entries: dict[QueueEntry, str]
     ) -> None:
-        remained_revs: List[str] = []
+        remained_revs: list[str] = []
         running_ids = self._get_running_task_ids()
         logger.debug("Current running tasks ids: %s.", running_ids)
         for msg, entry in self._iter_processed():
@@ -383,12 +378,12 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         if remained_revs:
             raise CannotKillTasksError(remained_revs)
 
-    def _kill_entries(self, entries: Dict[QueueEntry, str], force: bool) -> None:
+    def _kill_entries(self, entries: dict[QueueEntry, str], force: bool) -> None:
         logger.debug(
             "Found active tasks: '%s' to kill",
             list(entries.values()),
         )
-        inactive_entries: Dict[QueueEntry, str] = self._try_to_kill_tasks(
+        inactive_entries: dict[QueueEntry, str] = self._try_to_kill_tasks(
             entries, force
         )
 
@@ -396,12 +391,12 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
             self._mark_inactive_tasks_failure(inactive_entries)
 
     def kill(self, revs: Collection[str], force: bool = False) -> None:
-        name_dict: Dict[str, Optional[QueueEntry]] = self.match_queue_entry_by_name(
+        name_dict: dict[str, Optional[QueueEntry]] = self.match_queue_entry_by_name(
             set(revs), self.iter_active()
         )
 
-        missing_revs: List[str] = []
-        to_kill: Dict[QueueEntry, str] = {}
+        missing_revs: list[str] = []
+        to_kill: dict[QueueEntry, str] = {}
         for rev, queue_entry in name_dict.items():
             if queue_entry is None:
                 missing_revs.append(rev)
@@ -417,7 +412,7 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
     def shutdown(self, kill: bool = False):
         self.celery.control.shutdown()
         if kill:
-            to_kill: Dict[QueueEntry, str] = {}
+            to_kill: dict[QueueEntry, str] = {}
             for entry in self.iter_active():
                 to_kill[entry] = entry.name or entry.stash_rev
             if to_kill:
@@ -468,7 +463,7 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         ) as fobj:
             ui.write(fobj.read())
 
-    def worker_status(self) -> Dict[str, List[Dict]]:
+    def worker_status(self) -> dict[str, list[dict]]:
         """Return the current active celery worker"""
         status = self.celery.control.inspect().active() or {}
         logger.debug("Worker status: %s", status)
@@ -486,21 +481,21 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
 
     def get_ref_and_entry_by_names(
         self,
-        exp_names: Union[str, List[str]],
+        exp_names: Union[str, list[str]],
         git_remote: Optional[str] = None,
-    ) -> Dict[str, ExpRefAndQueueEntry]:
+    ) -> dict[str, ExpRefAndQueueEntry]:
         """Find finished ExpRefInfo or queued or failed QueueEntry by name"""
         from dvc.repo.experiments.utils import resolve_name
 
         if isinstance(exp_names, str):
             exp_names = [exp_names]
-        results: Dict[str, ExpRefAndQueueEntry] = {}
+        results: dict[str, ExpRefAndQueueEntry] = {}
 
-        exp_ref_match: Dict[str, Optional["ExpRefInfo"]] = resolve_name(
+        exp_ref_match: dict[str, Optional["ExpRefInfo"]] = resolve_name(
             self.scm, exp_names, git_remote
         )
         if not git_remote:
-            queue_entry_match: Dict[
+            queue_entry_match: dict[
                 str, Optional["QueueEntry"]
             ] = self.match_queue_entry_by_name(
                 exp_names, self.iter_queued(), self.iter_done()
@@ -517,7 +512,7 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         baseline_revs: Optional[Collection[str]],
         fetch_refs: bool = False,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
         from dvc.repo import Repo
         from dvc.repo.experiments.collect import collect_exec_branch
         from dvc.repo.experiments.serialize import (
@@ -526,7 +521,7 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
             LocalExpExecutor,
         )
 
-        result: Dict[str, List[ExpRange]] = defaultdict(list)
+        result: dict[str, list[ExpRange]] = defaultdict(list)
         for entry in self.iter_active():
             if baseline_revs and entry.baseline_rev not in baseline_revs:
                 continue
@@ -568,7 +563,7 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         self,
         baseline_revs: Optional[Collection[str]],
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
         from dvc.repo.experiments.collect import collect_rev
         from dvc.repo.experiments.serialize import (
             ExpExecutor,
@@ -576,7 +571,7 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
             LocalExpExecutor,
         )
 
-        result: Dict[str, List[ExpRange]] = defaultdict(list)
+        result: dict[str, list[ExpRange]] = defaultdict(list)
         for entry in self.iter_queued():
             if baseline_revs and entry.baseline_rev not in baseline_revs:
                 continue
@@ -598,7 +593,7 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         self,
         baseline_revs: Optional[Collection[str]],
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
         from dvc.repo.experiments.collect import collect_rev
         from dvc.repo.experiments.serialize import (
             ExpExecutor,
@@ -607,7 +602,7 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
             SerializableError,
         )
 
-        result: Dict[str, List[ExpRange]] = defaultdict(list)
+        result: dict[str, list[ExpRange]] = defaultdict(list)
         for entry, _ in self.iter_failed():
             if baseline_revs and entry.baseline_rev not in baseline_revs:
                 continue
@@ -637,11 +632,11 @@ class LocalCeleryQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         self,
         baseline_revs: Optional[Collection[str]],
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, "ExpExecutor"]:
+    ) -> dict[str, "ExpExecutor"]:
         """Map exp refs to any available successful executors."""
         from dvc.repo.experiments.serialize import ExpExecutor, LocalExpExecutor
 
-        result: Dict[str, "ExpExecutor"] = {}
+        result: dict[str, "ExpExecutor"] = {}
         for entry, exec_result in self.iter_success():
             if baseline_revs and entry.baseline_rev not in baseline_revs:
                 continue

dvc/repo/experiments/queue/exceptions.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Collection
+from collections.abc import Collection
 
 from dvc.exceptions import DvcException
 

dvc/repo/experiments/queue/remove.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection, Dict, Iterable, List, Set, Union
+from collections.abc import Collection, Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Union
 
 from dvc.repo.experiments.exceptions import UnresolvedExpNamesError
 from dvc.repo.experiments.queue.base import QueueDoneResult
@@ -20,11 +21,11 @@ def remove_tasks(  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
     """
     from celery.result import AsyncResult
 
-    stash_revs: Dict[str, "ExpStashEntry"] = {}
-    failed_stash_revs: List["ExpStashEntry"] = []
-    done_entry_set: Set["QueueEntry"] = set()
+    stash_revs: dict[str, "ExpStashEntry"] = {}
+    failed_stash_revs: list["ExpStashEntry"] = []
+    done_entry_set: set["QueueEntry"] = set()
     stash_rev_all = celery_queue.stash.stash_revs
-    failed_rev_all: Dict[str, "ExpStashEntry"] = {}
+    failed_rev_all: dict[str, "ExpStashEntry"] = {}
     if celery_queue.failed_stash:
         failed_rev_all = celery_queue.failed_stash.stash_revs
     for entry in queue_entries:
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ def remove_tasks(  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
 
 
 def _get_names(entries: Iterable[Union["QueueEntry", "QueueDoneResult"]]):
-    names: List[str] = []
+    names: list[str] = []
     for entry in entries:
         if isinstance(entry, QueueDoneResult):
             if entry.result and entry.result.ref_info:
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ def celery_clear(
     queued: bool = False,
     failed: bool = False,
     success: bool = False,
-) -> List[str]:
+) -> list[str]:
     """Remove entries from the queue.
 
     Arguments:
@@ -94,18 +95,18 @@ def celery_clear(
         Revisions which were removed.
     """
 
-    removed: List[str] = []
-    entry_list: List["QueueEntry"] = []
+    removed: list[str] = []
+    entry_list: list["QueueEntry"] = []
     if queued:
-        queue_entries: List["QueueEntry"] = list(self.iter_queued())
+        queue_entries: list["QueueEntry"] = list(self.iter_queued())
         entry_list.extend(queue_entries)
         removed.extend(_get_names(queue_entries))
     if failed:
-        failed_tasks: List["QueueDoneResult"] = list(self.iter_failed())
+        failed_tasks: list["QueueDoneResult"] = list(self.iter_failed())
         entry_list.extend([result.entry for result in failed_tasks])
         removed.extend(_get_names(failed_tasks))
     if success:
-        success_tasks: List["QueueDoneResult"] = list(self.iter_success())
+        success_tasks: list["QueueDoneResult"] = list(self.iter_success())
         entry_list.extend([result.entry for result in success_tasks])
         removed.extend(_get_names(success_tasks))
 
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ def celery_clear(
 def celery_remove(
     self: "LocalCeleryQueue",
     revs: Collection[str],
-) -> List[str]:
+) -> list[str]:
     """Remove the specified entries from the queue.
 
     Arguments:
@@ -131,9 +132,9 @@ def celery_remove(
         revs, self.iter_queued(), self.iter_done()
     )
 
-    remained: List[str] = []
-    removed: List[str] = []
-    entry_to_remove: List["QueueEntry"] = []
+    remained: list[str] = []
+    removed: list[str] = []
+    entry_to_remove: list["QueueEntry"] = []
     for name, entry in match_results.items():
         if entry:
             entry_to_remove.append(entry)

dvc/repo/experiments/queue/tasks.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional
 
 from celery import shared_task
 from celery.utils.log import get_task_logger
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ logger = get_task_logger(__name__)
 
 
 @shared_task
-def setup_exp(entry_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "BaseExecutor":
+def setup_exp(entry_dict: dict[str, Any]) -> "BaseExecutor":
     """Setup an experiment.
 
     Arguments:
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ def setup_exp(entry_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "BaseExecutor":
 
 @shared_task
 def collect_exp(
-    proc_dict: Dict[str, Any],  # noqa: ARG001
-    entry_dict: Dict[str, Any],
+    proc_dict: dict[str, Any],  # noqa: ARG001
+    entry_dict: dict[str, Any],
 ) -> str:
     """Collect results for an experiment.
 
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ def cleanup_exp(executor: TempDirExecutor, infofile: str) -> None:
 
 @shared_task
 def run_exp(
-    entry_dict: Dict[str, Any],
-    copy_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    entry_dict: dict[str, Any],
+    copy_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     message: Optional[str] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Run a full experiment.

dvc/repo/experiments/queue/tempdir.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection, Dict, Generator, List, Optional
+from collections.abc import Collection, Generator
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from funcy import first
 
@@ -96,11 +97,11 @@ class TempDirQueue(WorkspaceQueue):
         self,
         entry: QueueEntry,
         executor: "BaseExecutor",
-        copy_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        copy_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         message: Optional[str] = None,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, str]]:
-        results: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = defaultdict(dict)
+    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, str]]:
+        results: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = defaultdict(dict)
         exec_name = self._EXEC_NAME or entry.stash_rev
         infofile = self.get_infofile_path(exec_name)
         try:
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ class TempDirQueue(WorkspaceQueue):
         exp: "Experiments",
         executor: "BaseExecutor",
         exec_result: "ExecutorResult",
-    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
         return BaseStashQueue.collect_executor(exp, executor, exec_result)
 
     def collect_active_data(
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ class TempDirQueue(WorkspaceQueue):
         baseline_revs: Optional[Collection[str]],
         fetch_refs: bool = False,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
         from dvc.repo import Repo
         from dvc.repo.experiments.collect import collect_exec_branch
         from dvc.repo.experiments.serialize import (
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ class TempDirQueue(WorkspaceQueue):
             LocalExpExecutor,
         )
 
-        result: Dict[str, List[ExpRange]] = defaultdict(list)
+        result: dict[str, list[ExpRange]] = defaultdict(list)
         for entry in self.iter_active():
             if baseline_revs and entry.baseline_rev not in baseline_revs:
                 continue

dvc/repo/experiments/queue/utils.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from scmrepo.exceptions import SCMError
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .base import BaseStashQueue
 
 
-def get_remote_executor_refs(scm: "Git", remote_url: str) -> List[str]:
+def get_remote_executor_refs(scm: "Git", remote_url: str) -> list[str]:
     """Get result list refs from a remote repository
 
     Args:
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def get_remote_executor_refs(scm: "Git", remote_url: str) -> List[str]:
 
 def fetch_running_exp_from_temp_dir(
     queue: "BaseStashQueue", rev: str, fetch_refs: bool
-) -> Dict[str, Dict]:
+) -> dict[str, dict]:
     """Fetch status of running exps out of current working directory
 
     Args:
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def fetch_running_exp_from_temp_dir(
     from dvc.scm import InvalidRemoteSCMRepo
     from dvc.utils.serialize import load_json
 
-    result: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
+    result: dict[str, dict] = {}
     infofile = queue.get_infofile_path(rev)
     try:
         info = ExecutorInfo.from_dict(load_json(infofile))

dvc/repo/experiments/queue/workspace.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import json
 import os
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection, Dict, Generator, List, Optional
+from collections.abc import Collection, Generator
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 import psutil
 from funcy import first
@@ -82,9 +83,9 @@ class WorkspaceQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def reproduce(
-        self, copy_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None, message: Optional[str] = None
-    ) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, str]]:
-        results: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = defaultdict(dict)
+        self, copy_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None, message: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, str]]:
+        results: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = defaultdict(dict)
         try:
             while True:
                 entry, executor = self.get()
@@ -99,11 +100,11 @@ class WorkspaceQueue(BaseStashQueue):
 
     def _reproduce_entry(
         self, entry: QueueEntry, executor: "BaseExecutor", **kwargs
-    ) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, str]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, str]]:
         kwargs.pop("copy_paths", None)
         from dvc_task.proc.process import ProcessInfo
 
-        results: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = defaultdict(dict)
+        results: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = defaultdict(dict)
         exec_name = self._EXEC_NAME or entry.stash_rev
         proc_info = ProcessInfo(os.getpid(), None, None, None, None)
         proc_info_path = self._proc_info_path(exec_name)
@@ -162,8 +163,8 @@ class WorkspaceQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         exp: "Experiments",
         executor: "BaseExecutor",  # noqa: ARG004
         exec_result: "ExecutorResult",
-    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
-        results: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
+        results: dict[str, str] = {}
         exp_rev = exp.scm.get_ref(EXEC_BRANCH)
         if exp_rev:
             assert exec_result.exp_hash
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ class WorkspaceQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         baseline_revs: Optional[Collection[str]],
         fetch_refs: bool = False,  # noqa: ARG002
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
         from dvc.repo.experiments.collect import collect_exec_branch
         from dvc.repo.experiments.serialize import (
             ExpExecutor,
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ class WorkspaceQueue(BaseStashQueue):
             LocalExpExecutor,
         )
 
-        result: Dict[str, List[ExpRange]] = defaultdict(list)
+        result: dict[str, list[ExpRange]] = defaultdict(list)
         pid = self._active_pid
         if pid is None:
             return result
@@ -248,12 +249,12 @@ class WorkspaceQueue(BaseStashQueue):
         self,
         baseline_revs: Optional[Collection[str]],
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def collect_failed_data(
         self,
         baseline_revs: Optional[Collection[str]],
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Dict[str, List["ExpRange"]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, list["ExpRange"]]:
         raise NotImplementedError

dvc/repo/experiments/remove.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Union
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Union
 
 from dvc.log import logger
 from dvc.repo import locked
@@ -23,14 +24,14 @@ logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 @scm_context
 def remove(  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
     repo: "Repo",
-    exp_names: Union[None, str, List[str]] = None,
-    rev: Optional[Union[List[str], str]] = None,
+    exp_names: Union[None, str, list[str]] = None,
+    rev: Optional[Union[list[str], str]] = None,
     all_commits: bool = False,
     num: int = 1,
     queue: bool = False,
     git_remote: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> List[str]:
-    removed: List[str] = []
+) -> list[str]:
+    removed: list[str] = []
     if not any([exp_names, queue, all_commits, rev]):
         return removed
     celery_queue: "LocalCeleryQueue" = repo.experiments.celery_queue
@@ -40,13 +41,13 @@ def remove(  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
 
     assert isinstance(repo.scm, Git)
 
-    exp_ref_list: List["ExpRefInfo"] = []
-    queue_entry_list: List["QueueEntry"] = []
+    exp_ref_list: list["ExpRefInfo"] = []
+    queue_entry_list: list["QueueEntry"] = []
     if exp_names:
-        results: Dict[
+        results: dict[
             str, "ExpRefAndQueueEntry"
         ] = celery_queue.get_ref_and_entry_by_names(exp_names, git_remote)
-        remained: List[str] = []
+        remained: list[str] = []
         for name, result in results.items():
             if not result.exp_ref_info and not result.queue_entry:
                 remained.append(name)
@@ -87,13 +88,13 @@ def remove(  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
 
 def _resolve_exp_by_baseline(
     repo: "Repo",
-    rev: List[str],
+    rev: list[str],
     num: int,
     git_remote: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> Dict[str, "ExpRefInfo"]:
+) -> dict[str, "ExpRefInfo"]:
     assert isinstance(repo.scm, Git)
 
-    commit_ref_dict: Dict[str, "ExpRefInfo"] = {}
+    commit_ref_dict: dict[str, "ExpRefInfo"] = {}
     rev_dict = iter_revs(repo.scm, rev, num)
     rev_set = set(rev_dict.keys())
     ref_info_dict = exp_refs_by_baseline(repo.scm, rev_set, git_remote)
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ def _resolve_exp_by_baseline(
 
 def _remove_commited_exps(
     scm: "Git", exp_refs_list: Iterable["ExpRefInfo"], remote: Optional[str]
-) -> List[str]:
+) -> list[str]:
     if remote:
         from dvc.scm import TqdmGit
 

dvc/repo/experiments/rename.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Union
 
 from dvc.log import logger
 from dvc.repo.experiments.exceptions import (
@@ -22,16 +22,16 @@ def rename(
     exp_name: Union[str, None] = None,
     git_remote: Optional[str] = None,
     force: bool = False,
-) -> Union[List[str], None]:
-    renamed: List[str] = []
-    remained: List[str] = []
+) -> Union[list[str], None]:
+    renamed: list[str] = []
+    remained: list[str] = []
     assert isinstance(repo.scm, Git)
 
     if exp_name == new_name:
         return None
 
     if exp_name:
-        results: Dict[str, Union[ExpRefInfo, None]] = resolve_name(
+        results: dict[str, Union[ExpRefInfo, None]] = resolve_name(
             scm=repo.scm, exp_names=exp_name, git_remote=git_remote
         )
         for name, result in results.items():

dvc/repo/experiments/run.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import Dict, Iterable, Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import Optional
 
 from dvc.dependency.param import ParamsDependency
 from dvc.exceptions import InvalidArgumentError
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ def run(  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
     copy_paths: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
     message: Optional[str] = None,
     **kwargs,
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     """Reproduce the specified targets as an experiment.
 
     Accepts the same additional kwargs as Repo.reproduce.

dvc/repo/experiments/save.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import os
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, List, Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from funcy import first
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ def save(
     name: Optional[str] = None,
     recursive: bool = False,
     force: bool = False,
-    include_untracked: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    include_untracked: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     message: Optional[str] = None,
 ) -> Optional[str]:
     """Save the current workspace status as an experiment.

dvc/repo/experiments/serialize.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import json
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass, field
 from datetime import datetime
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Literal, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Optional
 
 from dvc.exceptions import DvcException
 from dvc.repo.metrics.show import _gather_metrics
@@ -30,11 +31,11 @@ class SerializableExp:
 
     rev: str
     timestamp: Optional[datetime] = None
-    params: Dict[str, "FileResult"] = field(default_factory=dict)
-    metrics: Dict[str, "FileResult"] = field(default_factory=dict)
-    deps: Dict[str, "ExpDep"] = field(default_factory=dict)
-    outs: Dict[str, "ExpOut"] = field(default_factory=dict)
-    meta: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    params: dict[str, "FileResult"] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    metrics: dict[str, "FileResult"] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    deps: dict[str, "ExpDep"] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    outs: dict[str, "ExpOut"] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    meta: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
 
     @classmethod
     def from_repo(
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ class SerializableExp:
             **kwargs,
         )
 
-    def dumpd(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def dumpd(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return asdict(self)
 
     def as_bytes(self) -> bytes:
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ class SerializableError:
     msg: str
     type: str = ""
 
-    def dumpd(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def dumpd(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return asdict(self)
 
     def as_bytes(self) -> bytes:
@@ -154,15 +155,15 @@ class ExpState:
     name: Optional[str] = None
     data: Optional[SerializableExp] = None
     error: Optional[SerializableError] = None
-    experiments: Optional[List["ExpRange"]] = None
+    experiments: Optional[list["ExpRange"]] = None
 
-    def dumpd(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def dumpd(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return asdict(self)
 
 
 @dataclass
 class ExpRange:
-    revs: List["ExpState"]
+    revs: list["ExpState"]
     executor: Optional["ExpExecutor"] = None
     name: Optional[str] = None
 
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ class ExpRange:
     def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> "ExpState":
         return self.revs[index]
 
-    def dumpd(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def dumpd(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return asdict(self)
 
 

dvc/repo/experiments/show.py

@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
 from collections import Counter, defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping
 from datetime import date, datetime
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Literal,
-    Mapping,
     NamedTuple,
     Optional,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -36,7 +30,7 @@ logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 
 def show(
     repo: "Repo",
-    revs: Union[List[str], str, None] = None,
+    revs: Union[list[str], str, None] = None,
     all_branches: bool = False,
     all_tags: bool = False,
     all_commits: bool = False,
@@ -45,7 +39,7 @@ def show(
     hide_failed: bool = False,
     sha_only: bool = False,
     **kwargs,
-) -> List["ExpState"]:
+) -> list["ExpState"]:
     return collect(
         repo,
         revs=revs,
@@ -65,7 +59,7 @@ def tabulate(
     fill_value: Optional[str] = "-",
     error_value: str = "!",
     **kwargs,
-) -> Tuple["TabularData", Dict[str, Iterable[str]]]:
+) -> tuple["TabularData", dict[str, Iterable[str]]]:
     """Return table data for experiments.
 
     Returns:
@@ -112,7 +106,7 @@ def tabulate(
             **kwargs,
         )
     )
-    data_headers: Dict[str, Iterable[str]] = {
+    data_headers: dict[str, Iterable[str]] = {
         "metrics": metrics_headers,
         "params": params_headers,
         "deps": deps_names,
@@ -128,9 +122,9 @@ def _build_rows(
     sort_by: Optional[str] = None,
     sort_order: Optional[Literal["asc", "desc"]] = None,
     **kwargs,
-) -> Iterator[Tuple["CellT", ...]]:
+) -> Iterator[tuple["CellT", ...]]:
     for baseline in baseline_states:
-        row: Dict[str, "CellT"] = dict.fromkeys(all_headers, fill_value)
+        row: dict[str, "CellT"] = dict.fromkeys(all_headers, fill_value)
         row["Experiment"] = ""
         if baseline.name:
             row["rev"] = baseline.name
@@ -177,10 +171,10 @@ def _sort_column(  # noqa: C901
     sort_by: str,
     metric_names: Mapping[str, Iterable[str]],
     param_names: Mapping[str, Iterable[str]],
-) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
     sep = ":"
     parts = sort_by.split(sep)
-    matches: Set[Tuple[str, str, str]] = set()
+    matches: set[tuple[str, str, str]] = set()
 
     for split_num in range(len(parts)):
         path = sep.join(parts[:split_num])
@@ -217,7 +211,7 @@ def _sort_exp(
     sort_name: str,
     typ: str,
     reverse: bool,
-) -> List["ExpRange"]:
+) -> list["ExpRange"]:
     from funcy import first
 
     def _sort(exp_range: "ExpRange"):
@@ -238,14 +232,14 @@ def _exp_range_rows(
     fill_value: Optional[str],
     is_base: bool = False,
     **kwargs,
-) -> Iterator[Tuple["CellT", ...]]:
+) -> Iterator[tuple["CellT", ...]]:
     from funcy import first
 
     if len(exp_range.revs) > 1:
         logger.debug("Returning tip commit for legacy checkpoint exp")
     exp = first(exp_range.revs)
     if exp:
-        row: Dict[str, "CellT"] = dict.fromkeys(all_headers, fill_value)
+        row: dict[str, "CellT"] = dict.fromkeys(all_headers, fill_value)
         row["Experiment"] = exp.name or ""
         row["rev"] = exp.rev[:7] if Git.is_sha(exp.rev) else exp.rev
         row["typ"] = "branch_base" if is_base else "branch_commit"
@@ -274,12 +268,12 @@ def _data_cells(
     error_value: str = "!",
     precision: Optional[int] = None,
     **kwargs,
-) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, "CellT"]]:
+) -> Iterator[tuple[str, "CellT"]]:
     def _d_cells(
         d: Mapping[str, Any],
         names: Mapping[str, Iterable[str]],
         headers: Iterable[str],
-    ) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, "CellT"]]:
+    ) -> Iterator[tuple[str, "CellT"]]:
         from dvc.compare import _format_field, with_value
 
         for fname, data in d.items():
@@ -329,9 +323,9 @@ def format_time(
 class _DataNames(NamedTuple):
     # NOTE: we use nested dict instead of set for metrics/params names to
     # preserve key ordering
-    metrics: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]
-    params: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]
-    deps: Set[str]
+    metrics: dict[str, dict[str, Any]]
+    params: dict[str, dict[str, Any]]
+    deps: set[str]
 
     @property
     def sorted_deps(self):
@@ -339,7 +333,7 @@ class _DataNames(NamedTuple):
 
     def update(self, other: "_DataNames"):
         def _update_d(
-            d: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]], other_d: Mapping[str, Mapping[str, Any]]
+            d: dict[str, dict[str, Any]], other_d: Mapping[str, Mapping[str, Any]]
         ):
             for k, v in other_d.items():
                 if k in d:
@@ -355,7 +349,7 @@ class _DataNames(NamedTuple):
 def _collect_names(exp_states: Iterable["ExpState"]) -> _DataNames:
     result = _DataNames(defaultdict(dict), defaultdict(dict), set())
 
-    def _collect_d(result_d: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]], data_d: Dict[str, Any]):
+    def _collect_d(result_d: dict[str, dict[str, Any]], data_d: dict[str, Any]):
         for path, item in data_d.items():
             item = item.get("data", {})
             if isinstance(item, dict):
@@ -376,7 +370,7 @@ def _collect_names(exp_states: Iterable["ExpState"]) -> _DataNames:
 
 def _normalize_headers(
     names: Mapping[str, Mapping[str, Any]], count: Mapping[str, int]
-) -> List[str]:
+) -> list[str]:
     return [
         name if count[name] == 1 else f"{path}:{name}"
         for path in names

dvc/repo/experiments/stash.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import re
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from typing import Dict, Iterable, Iterator, NamedTuple, Optional
+from typing import NamedTuple, Optional
 
 from scmrepo.git import Stash
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ class ExpStash(Stash):
     )
 
     @property
-    def stash_revs(self) -> Dict[str, ExpStashEntry]:
+    def stash_revs(self) -> dict[str, ExpStashEntry]:
         revs = {}
         for i, entry in enumerate(self):
             msg = entry.message.decode("utf-8").strip()
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ class ApplyStash(Stash):
     )
 
     @property
-    def stash_revs(self) -> Dict[str, ApplyStashEntry]:
+    def stash_revs(self) -> dict[str, ApplyStashEntry]:
         revs = {}
         for i, entry in enumerate(self):
             msg = entry.message.decode("utf-8").strip()

dvc/repo/experiments/utils.py

@@ -2,18 +2,12 @@ import os
 import random
 import sys
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping
 from functools import wraps
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Generator,
-    Iterable,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -43,8 +37,8 @@ EXEC_PID_DIR = "run"
 
 def get_exp_rwlock(
     repo: "Repo",
-    reads: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-    writes: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    reads: Optional[list[str]] = None,
+    writes: Optional[list[str]] = None,
 ):
     reads = reads or []
     writes = writes or []
@@ -109,9 +103,9 @@ def exp_refs_by_rev(scm: "Git", rev: str) -> Generator[ExpRefInfo, None, None]:
 
 def exp_refs_by_baseline(
     scm: "Git",
-    revs: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
+    revs: Optional[set[str]] = None,
     url: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> Mapping[str, List[ExpRefInfo]]:
+) -> Mapping[str, list[ExpRefInfo]]:
     """Iterate over all experiment refs with the specified baseline."""
     all_exp_refs = exp_refs(scm, url)
     result = defaultdict(list)
@@ -137,7 +131,7 @@ def iter_remote_refs(scm: "Git", url: str, base: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs)
 def push_refspec(
     scm: "Git",
     url: str,
-    push_list=List[Tuple[Optional[str], str]],
+    push_list=list[tuple[Optional[str], str]],
     force: bool = False,
     on_diverged: Optional[Callable[[str, str], bool]] = None,
     **kwargs,
@@ -183,8 +177,8 @@ def remote_exp_refs(scm: "Git", url: str) -> Generator[ExpRefInfo, None, None]:
 
 
 def exp_refs_by_names(
-    scm: "Git", names: Set[str], url: Optional[str] = None
-) -> Dict[str, List[ExpRefInfo]]:
+    scm: "Git", names: set[str], url: Optional[str] = None
+) -> dict[str, list[ExpRefInfo]]:
     """Iterate over all experiment refs matching the specified names."""
     resolve_results = defaultdict(list)
     ref_info_gen = exp_refs(scm, url)
@@ -210,7 +204,7 @@ def exp_commits(
     scm: "Git", ref_infos: Optional[Iterable[ExpRefInfo]] = None
 ) -> Iterable[str]:
     """Iterate over all experiment commits."""
-    shas: Set["str"] = set()
+    shas: set["str"] = set()
     refs = ref_infos if ref_infos else exp_refs(scm)
     for ref_info in refs:
         shas.update(scm.branch_revs(str(ref_info), ref_info.baseline_sha))
@@ -242,7 +236,7 @@ def resolve_name(
     scm: "Git",
     exp_names: Union[Iterable[str], str],
     git_remote: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> Dict[str, Optional[ExpRefInfo]]:
+) -> dict[str, Optional[ExpRefInfo]]:
     """find the ref_info of specified names."""
     if isinstance(exp_names, str):
         exp_names = [exp_names]
@@ -338,7 +332,7 @@ def to_studio_params(dvc_params):
         "params.yaml": {"foo": 1}
     }
     """
-    result: Dict = {}
+    result: dict = {}
     if not dvc_params:
         return result
     for rev_data in dvc_params.values():
@@ -353,7 +347,7 @@ def describe(
     revs: Iterable[str],
     logger,
     refs: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
-) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+) -> dict[str, Optional[str]]:
     """Describe revisions using a tag, branch.
 
     The first matching name will be returned for each rev. Names are preferred in this
@@ -390,7 +384,7 @@ def describe(
         if is_branch and rev not in branches:
             branches[rev] = ref[len("refs/heads/") :]
 
-    names: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+    names: dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
     for rev in revs:
         if rev == head_rev and head_branch:
             names[rev] = head_branch

dvc/repo/fetch.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from dvc.exceptions import DownloadError
 from dvc.log import logger
@@ -205,9 +205,9 @@ def fetch(  # noqa: PLR0913
     return transferred_count
 
 
-def _log_unversioned(data: List["DataIndex"]) -> Tuple[List["DataIndex"], int]:
-    ret: List["DataIndex"] = []
-    unversioned: List[str] = []
+def _log_unversioned(data: list["DataIndex"]) -> tuple[list["DataIndex"], int]:
+    ret: list["DataIndex"] = []
+    unversioned: list[str] = []
     for fs_index in data:
         remote = fs_index.storage_map[()].remote
         if not isinstance(remote, FileStorage) or not remote.fs.version_aware:

dvc/repo/gc.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from dvc.exceptions import InvalidArgumentError
 from dvc.log import logger
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def gc(  # noqa: PLR0913, C901
     all_experiments: bool = False,
     force: bool = False,
     jobs: Optional[int] = None,
-    repos: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    repos: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     workspace: bool = False,
     commit_date: Optional[str] = None,
     rev: Optional[str] = None,

dvc/repo/graph.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, TypeVar
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, TypeVar
 
 from dvc.fs import localfs
 from dvc.utils.fs import path_isin
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ def check_acyclic(graph: "DiGraph") -> None:
     except nx.NetworkXNoCycle:
         return
 
-    stages: Set["Stage"] = set()
+    stages: set["Stage"] = set()
     for from_node, to_node, _ in edges:
         stages.add(from_node)
         stages.add(to_node)
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ def get_pipelines(graph: "DiGraph"):
 
 
 def get_subgraph_of_nodes(
-    graph: "DiGraph", sources: Optional[List[Any]] = None, downstream: bool = False
+    graph: "DiGraph", sources: Optional[list[Any]] = None, downstream: bool = False
 ) -> "DiGraph":
     from networkx import dfs_postorder_nodes, reverse_view
 
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ def collect_pipeline(stage: "Stage", graph: "DiGraph") -> Iterator["Stage"]:
     return nx.dfs_postorder_nodes(pipeline, stage)
 
 
-def collect_inside_path(path: str, graph: "DiGraph") -> List["Stage"]:
+def collect_inside_path(path: str, graph: "DiGraph") -> list["Stage"]:
     import networkx as nx
 
     stages = nx.dfs_postorder_nodes(graph)

dvc/repo/imp_db.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from funcy import compact
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def imp_db(
     assert sql or table
     assert output_format in ("csv", "json")
 
-    db: Dict[str, str] = compact(
+    db: dict[str, str] = compact(
         {
             "connection": connection,
             "file_format": output_format,

dvc/repo/imports.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 from functools import partial
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Set, Tuple, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Union
 
 from dvc.log import logger
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 
 def unfetched_view(
     index: "Index", targets: "TargetType", unpartial: bool = False, **kwargs
-) -> Tuple["IndexView", "IndexView", List["Dependency"]]:
+) -> tuple["IndexView", "IndexView", list["Dependency"]]:
     """Return index view of imports which have not been fetched.
 
     Returns:
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def unfetched_view(
     """
     from dvc.cachemgr import LEGACY_HASH_NAMES
 
-    changed_deps: List["Dependency"] = []
+    changed_deps: list["Dependency"] = []
 
     def need_fetch(stage: "Stage", legacy: bool = False) -> bool:
         if not stage.is_import or (stage.is_partial_import and not unpartial):
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def unpartial_imports(index: Union["Index", "IndexView"]) -> int:
 
 def save_imports(
     repo: "Repo", targets: "TargetType", unpartial: bool = False, **kwargs
-) -> Set["HashInfo"]:
+) -> set["HashInfo"]:
     """Save (download) imports from their original source location.
 
     Imports which are already cached will not be downloaded.
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def save_imports(
     from dvc_data.index import md5, save
     from dvc_data.index.checkout import apply, compare
 
-    downloaded: Set["HashInfo"] = set()
+    downloaded: set["HashInfo"] = set()
 
     legacy_unfetched, unfetched, changed = unfetched_view(
         repo.index, targets, unpartial=unpartial, **kwargs

dvc/repo/index.py

@@ -1,20 +1,15 @@
 import logging
 import time
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
 from functools import partial
 from itertools import chain
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     NamedTuple,
     Optional,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -44,7 +39,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 
 logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
-ObjectContainer = Dict[Optional["HashFileDB"], Set["HashInfo"]]
+ObjectContainer = dict[Optional["HashFileDB"], set["HashInfo"]]
 
 
 def log_walk(seq):
@@ -74,7 +69,7 @@ def collect_files(
     scm = repo.scm
     fs = repo.fs
     sep = fs.sep
-    outs: Set[str] = set()
+    outs: set[str] = set()
 
     is_local_fs = isinstance(fs, LocalFileSystem)
 
@@ -288,11 +283,11 @@ class Index:
     def __init__(
         self,
         repo: "Repo",
-        stages: Optional[List["Stage"]] = None,
-        metrics: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
-        plots: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
-        params: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-        artifacts: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        stages: Optional[list["Stage"]] = None,
+        metrics: Optional[dict[str, list[str]]] = None,
+        plots: Optional[dict[str, list[str]]] = None,
+        params: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        artifacts: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.repo = repo
         self.stages = stages or []
@@ -300,7 +295,7 @@ class Index:
         self._plots = plots or {}
         self._params = params or {}
         self._artifacts = artifacts or {}
-        self._collected_targets: Dict[int, List["StageInfo"]] = {}
+        self._collected_targets: dict[int, list["StageInfo"]] = {}
 
     @cached_property
     def rev(self) -> Optional[str]:
@@ -404,8 +399,8 @@ class Index:
             yield from stage.outs
 
     @cached_property
-    def out_data_keys(self) -> Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]]:
-        by_workspace: Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
+    def out_data_keys(self) -> dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]]:
+        by_workspace: dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
 
         by_workspace["repo"] = set()
         by_workspace["local"] = set()
@@ -443,10 +438,10 @@ class Index:
             yield from stage.deps
 
     @cached_property
-    def _plot_sources(self) -> List[str]:
+    def _plot_sources(self) -> list[str]:
         from dvc.repo.plots import _collect_pipeline_files
 
-        sources: List[str] = []
+        sources: list[str] = []
         for data in _collect_pipeline_files(self.repo, [], {}).values():
             for plot_id, props in data.get("data", {}).items():
                 if isinstance(props.get("y"), dict):
@@ -458,8 +453,8 @@ class Index:
         return sources
 
     @cached_property
-    def data_keys(self) -> Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]]:
-        by_workspace: Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
+    def data_keys(self) -> dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]]:
+        by_workspace: dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
 
         by_workspace["repo"] = set()
         by_workspace["local"] = set()
@@ -474,10 +469,10 @@ class Index:
         return dict(by_workspace)
 
     @cached_property
-    def metric_keys(self) -> Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]]:
+    def metric_keys(self) -> dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]]:
         from .metrics.show import _collect_top_level_metrics
 
-        by_workspace: Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
+        by_workspace: dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
 
         by_workspace["repo"] = set()
 
@@ -495,10 +490,10 @@ class Index:
         return dict(by_workspace)
 
     @cached_property
-    def param_keys(self) -> Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]]:
+    def param_keys(self) -> dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]]:
         from .params.show import _collect_top_level_params
 
-        by_workspace: Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
+        by_workspace: dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
         by_workspace["repo"] = set()
 
         param_paths = _collect_top_level_params(self.repo)
@@ -513,8 +508,8 @@ class Index:
         return dict(by_workspace)
 
     @cached_property
-    def plot_keys(self) -> Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]]:
-        by_workspace: Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
+    def plot_keys(self) -> dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]]:
+        by_workspace: dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
 
         by_workspace["repo"] = set()
 
@@ -536,7 +531,7 @@ class Index:
         return _build_tree_from_outs(self.outs)
 
     @cached_property
-    def data(self) -> "Dict[str, DataIndex]":
+    def data(self) -> "dict[str, DataIndex]":
         prefix: "DataIndexKey"
         loaded = False
 
@@ -584,7 +579,7 @@ class Index:
 
     def collect_targets(
         self, targets: Optional["TargetType"], *, onerror=None, **kwargs: Any
-    ) -> List["StageInfo"]:
+    ) -> list["StageInfo"]:
         from dvc.exceptions import DvcException
         from dvc.repo.stage import StageInfo
         from dvc.utils.collections import ensure_list
@@ -658,7 +653,7 @@ class Index:
         stage_filter: Optional[Callable[["Stage"], bool]] = None,
         outs_filter: Optional[Callable[["Output"], bool]] = None,
         max_size: Optional[int] = None,
-        types: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        types: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> "IndexView":
         """Return read-only view of index for the specified targets.
@@ -698,8 +693,8 @@ class Index:
 
 
 class _DataPrefixes(NamedTuple):
-    explicit: Set["DataIndexKey"]
-    recursive: Set["DataIndexKey"]
+    explicit: set["DataIndexKey"]
+    recursive: set["DataIndexKey"]
 
 
 class IndexView:
@@ -728,7 +723,7 @@ class IndexView:
             yield from stage.deps
 
     @property
-    def _filtered_outs(self) -> Iterator[Tuple["Output", Optional[str]]]:
+    def _filtered_outs(self) -> Iterator[tuple["Output", Optional[str]]]:
         for stage, filter_info in self._stage_infos:
             for out in stage.filter_outs(filter_info):
                 if not self._outs_filter or self._outs_filter(out):
@@ -739,8 +734,8 @@ class IndexView:
         yield from {out for (out, _) in self._filtered_outs}
 
     @cached_property
-    def out_data_keys(self) -> Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]]:
-        by_workspace: Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
+    def out_data_keys(self) -> dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]]:
+        by_workspace: dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
 
         by_workspace["repo"] = set()
         by_workspace["local"] = set()
@@ -755,8 +750,8 @@ class IndexView:
         return dict(by_workspace)
 
     @cached_property
-    def _data_prefixes(self) -> Dict[str, "_DataPrefixes"]:
-        prefixes: Dict[str, "_DataPrefixes"] = defaultdict(
+    def _data_prefixes(self) -> dict[str, "_DataPrefixes"]:
+        prefixes: dict[str, "_DataPrefixes"] = defaultdict(
             lambda: _DataPrefixes(set(), set())
         )
         for out, filter_info in self._filtered_outs:
@@ -772,8 +767,8 @@ class IndexView:
         return prefixes
 
     @cached_property
-    def data_keys(self) -> Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]]:
-        ret: Dict[str, Set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
+    def data_keys(self) -> dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]]:
+        ret: dict[str, set["DataIndexKey"]] = defaultdict(set)
 
         for out, filter_info in self._filtered_outs:
             if not out.use_cache:
@@ -791,7 +786,7 @@ class IndexView:
         return _build_tree_from_outs(self.outs)
 
     @cached_property
-    def data(self) -> Dict[str, Union["DataIndex", "DataIndexView"]]:
+    def data(self) -> dict[str, Union["DataIndex", "DataIndexView"]]:
         from dvc_data.index import DataIndex, view
 
         def key_filter(workspace: str, key: "DataIndexKey"):
@@ -803,7 +798,7 @@ class IndexView:
             except KeyError:
                 return False
 
-        data: Dict[str, Union["DataIndex", "DataIndexView"]] = {}
+        data: dict[str, Union["DataIndex", "DataIndexView"]] = {}
         for workspace, data_index in self._index.data.items():
             if self.stages:
                 data[workspace] = view(data_index, partial(key_filter, workspace))

dvc/repo/ls.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import os
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Optional, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from dvc.fs.dvc import DVCFileSystem
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ def ls(
     rev: Optional[str] = None,
     recursive: Optional[bool] = None,
     dvc_only: bool = False,
-    config: Union[None, Dict[str, Any], str] = None,
+    config: Union[None, dict[str, Any], str] = None,
     remote: Optional[str] = None,
     remote_config: Optional[dict] = None,
 ):

dvc/repo/metrics/diff.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, TypedDict, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypedDict, Union
 
 from funcy import compact
 
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 
 class DiffResult(TypedDict, total=False):
-    errors: Dict[str, Union[Exception, Dict[str, Exception]]]
-    diff: Dict[str, Dict[str, Dict]]
+    errors: dict[str, Union[Exception, dict[str, Exception]]]
+    diff: dict[str, dict[str, dict]]
 
 
 def _diff(
-    result: Dict[str, "Result"],
+    result: dict[str, "Result"],
     old_rev: str,
     new_rev: str,
     **kwargs,

dvc/repo/metrics/show.py

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 import os
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
 from itertools import chain
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Tuple,
     TypedDict,
     Union,
 )
@@ -71,7 +67,7 @@ def _read_metric(fs: "FileSystem", path: str, **load_kwargs) -> Any:
 
 def _read_metrics(
     fs: "FileSystem", metrics: Iterable[str], **load_kwargs
-) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Union[Exception, Any]]]:
+) -> Iterator[tuple[str, Union[Exception, Any]]]:
     for metric in metrics:
         try:
             yield metric, _read_metric(fs, metric, **load_kwargs)
@@ -80,7 +76,7 @@ def _read_metrics(
             yield metric, exc
 
 
-def metrics_from_target(repo: "Repo", targets: List[str]) -> Iterator["Output"]:
+def metrics_from_target(repo: "Repo", targets: list[str]) -> Iterator["Output"]:
     stages = chain.from_iterable(repo.stage.collect(target) for target in targets)
     for stage in stages:
         yield from stage.metrics
@@ -88,11 +84,11 @@ def metrics_from_target(repo: "Repo", targets: List[str]) -> Iterator["Output"]:
 
 def _collect_metrics(
     repo: "Repo",
-    targets: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-    stages: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    targets: Optional[list[str]] = None,
+    stages: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     outs_only: bool = False,
-) -> List[str]:
-    metrics: List[str] = []
+) -> list[str]:
+    metrics: list[str] = []
 
     if targets:
         # target is a repo-relative path
@@ -122,7 +118,7 @@ class FileResult(TypedDict, total=False):
 
 
 class Result(TypedDict, total=False):
-    data: Dict[str, FileResult]
+    data: dict[str, FileResult]
     error: Exception
 
 
@@ -139,11 +135,11 @@ def to_relpath(fs: "FileSystem", root_dir: str, d: Result) -> Result:
 
 def _gather_metrics(
     repo: "Repo",
-    targets: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    targets: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     outs_only: bool = False,
-    stages: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    stages: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     on_error: str = "return",
-) -> Dict[str, FileResult]:
+) -> dict[str, FileResult]:
     assert on_error in ("raise", "return", "ignore")
 
     # `files` is a repo-relative posixpath that can be passed to DVCFileSystem
@@ -168,8 +164,8 @@ def _gather_metrics(
 
 
 def _hide_workspace(
-    scm: Union["Git", "NoSCM"], res: Dict[str, Result]
-) -> Dict[str, Result]:
+    scm: Union["Git", "NoSCM"], res: dict[str, Result]
+) -> dict[str, Result]:
     # Hide workspace params if they are the same as in the active branch
     try:
         active_branch = scm.active_branch()
@@ -186,16 +182,16 @@ def _hide_workspace(
 
 def show(
     repo: "Repo",
-    targets: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-    stages: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    targets: Optional[list[str]] = None,
+    stages: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     outs_only: bool = False,
     all_branches: bool = False,
     all_tags: bool = False,
-    revs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    revs: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     all_commits: bool = False,
     hide_workspace: bool = True,
     on_error: str = "return",
-) -> Dict[str, Result]:
+) -> dict[str, Result]:
     assert on_error in ("raise", "return", "ignore")
 
     targets = [os.path.abspath(target) for target in ensure_list(targets)]

dvc/repo/open_repo.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import tempfile
 import threading
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from funcy import retry, wrap_with
 
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ def erepo_factory(url, root_dir, cache_config):
     return make_repo
 
 
-CLONES: Dict[str, Tuple[str, bool]] = {}
-CACHE_DIRS: Dict[str, str] = {}
+CLONES: dict[str, tuple[str, bool]] = {}
+CACHE_DIRS: dict[str, str] = {}
 
 
 @wrap_with(threading.Lock())

dvc/repo/params/show.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import os
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from itertools import chain
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union
 
 from dvc.dependency.param import ParamsDependency, read_param_file
 from dvc.log import logger
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ def _collect_top_level_params(repo: "Repo") -> Iterator[str]:
 
 
 def params_from_target(
-    repo: "Repo", targets: List[str]
+    repo: "Repo", targets: list[str]
 ) -> Iterator["ParamsDependency"]:
     stages = chain.from_iterable(repo.stage.collect(target) for target in targets)
     for stage in stages:
@@ -36,17 +37,17 @@ def params_from_target(
 
 def _collect_params(
     repo: "Repo",
-    targets: Union[List[str], Dict[str, List[str]], None] = None,
-    stages: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    targets: Union[list[str], dict[str, list[str]], None] = None,
+    stages: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     deps_only: bool = False,
     default_file: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
     from dvc.dependency import _merge_params
 
     if isinstance(targets, list):
         targets = {target: [] for target in targets}
 
-    params: List[Dict[str, List[str]]] = []
+    params: list[dict[str, list[str]]] = []
 
     if targets:
         # target is a repo-relative path
@@ -80,8 +81,8 @@ def _collect_params(
     return ret
 
 
-def _collect_vars(repo, params, stages=None) -> Dict:
-    vars_params: Dict[str, Dict] = defaultdict(dict)
+def _collect_vars(repo, params, stages=None) -> dict:
+    vars_params: dict[str, dict] = defaultdict(dict)
 
     for stage in repo.index.stages:
         if isinstance(stage, PipelineStage) and stage.tracked_vars:
@@ -102,8 +103,8 @@ def _collect_vars(repo, params, stages=None) -> Dict:
 
 
 def _read_params(
-    fs: "FileSystem", params: Dict[str, List[str]], **load_kwargs
-) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Union[Exception, Any]]]:
+    fs: "FileSystem", params: dict[str, list[str]], **load_kwargs
+) -> Iterator[tuple[str, Union[Exception, Any]]]:
     for file_path, key_paths in params.items():
         try:
             yield file_path, read_param_file(fs, file_path, key_paths, **load_kwargs)
@@ -114,9 +115,9 @@ def _read_params(
 
 def _gather_params(
     repo: "Repo",
-    targets: Union[List[str], Dict[str, List[str]], None] = None,
+    targets: Union[list[str], dict[str, list[str]], None] = None,
     deps_only: bool = False,
-    stages: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    stages: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     on_error: str = "return",
 ):
     assert on_error in ("raise", "return", "ignore")
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ def _gather_params(
         default_file=ParamsDependency.DEFAULT_PARAMS_FILE,
     )
 
-    data: Dict[str, FileResult] = {}
+    data: dict[str, FileResult] = {}
 
     fs = repo.dvcfs
     for fs_path, result in _read_params(fs, files_keypaths, cache=True):
@@ -159,16 +160,16 @@ def _gather_params(
 
 def show(
     repo: "Repo",
-    targets: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-    stages: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    targets: Optional[list[str]] = None,
+    stages: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     deps_only: bool = False,
     all_branches: bool = False,
     all_tags: bool = False,
-    revs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    revs: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     all_commits: bool = False,
     hide_workspace: bool = True,
     on_error: str = "return",
-) -> Dict[str, Result]:
+) -> dict[str, Result]:
     assert on_error in ("raise", "return", "ignore")
     res = {}
 

dvc/repo/plots/__init__.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import csv
 import io
 import os
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from copy import deepcopy
 from functools import partial
 from multiprocessing import cpu_count
@@ -9,11 +10,7 @@ from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Set,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -40,7 +37,7 @@ dpath.options.ALLOW_EMPTY_STRING_KEYS = True
 logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 
 
-def onerror_collect(result: Dict, exception: Exception, *args, **kwargs):
+def onerror_collect(result: dict, exception: Exception, *args, **kwargs):
     logger.debug("", exc_info=True)
     result["error"] = exception
 
@@ -82,12 +79,12 @@ class Plots:
 
     def collect(
         self,
-        targets: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-        revs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        targets: Optional[list[str]] = None,
+        revs: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         recursive: bool = False,
         onerror: Optional[Callable] = None,
-        props: Optional[Dict] = None,
-    ) -> Iterator[Dict]:
+        props: Optional[dict] = None,
+    ) -> Iterator[dict]:
         """Collects plots definitions and data sources.
 
         Generator yielding a structure like:
@@ -142,7 +139,7 @@ class Plots:
                 revs = ["workspace", *revs]
         for rev in revs:
             with switch_repo(self.repo, rev) as (repo, _):
-                res: Dict = {}
+                res: dict = {}
                 definitions = _collect_definitions(
                     repo,
                     targets=targets,
@@ -168,9 +165,9 @@ class Plots:
     def _collect_data_sources(
         self,
         repo: "Repo",
-        targets: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        targets: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         recursive: bool = False,
-        props: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        props: Optional[dict] = None,
         onerror: Optional[Callable] = None,
     ):
         fs = repo.dvcfs
@@ -178,7 +175,7 @@ class Plots:
         props = props or {}
 
         plots = _collect_plots(repo, targets, recursive)
-        res: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        res: dict[str, Any] = {}
         for fs_path, rev_props in plots.items():
             joined_props = {**rev_props, **props}
             res[fs_path] = {"props": joined_props}
@@ -197,7 +194,7 @@ class Plots:
 
     def show(
         self,
-        targets: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        targets: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         revs=None,
         props=None,
         recursive=False,
@@ -206,7 +203,7 @@ class Plots:
         if onerror is None:
             onerror = onerror_collect
 
-        result: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
+        result: dict[str, dict] = {}
         for data in self.collect(
             targets,
             revs,
@@ -286,7 +283,7 @@ def _is_plot(out: "Output") -> bool:
     return bool(out.plot)
 
 
-def _resolve_data_sources(plots_data: Dict, rev: str, cache: bool = False):
+def _resolve_data_sources(plots_data: dict, rev: str, cache: bool = False):
     from dvc.progress import Tqdm
 
     values = list(plots_data.values())
@@ -325,9 +322,9 @@ def _resolve_data_sources(plots_data: Dict, rev: str, cache: bool = False):
 
 def _collect_plots(
     repo: "Repo",
-    targets: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    targets: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     recursive: bool = False,
-) -> Dict[str, Dict]:
+) -> dict[str, dict]:
     from dvc.repo.collect import collect
 
     plots, fs_paths = collect(
@@ -344,8 +341,8 @@ def _collect_plots(
     return result
 
 
-def _get_data_targets(definitions: Dict):
-    result: Set = set()
+def _get_data_targets(definitions: dict):
+    result: set = set()
     if "data" in definitions:
         for content in definitions["data"].values():
             if "data" in content:
@@ -404,7 +401,7 @@ def _relpath(fs, path):
 
 def _collect_output_plots(repo, targets, props, onerror: Optional[Callable] = None):
     fs = repo.dvcfs
-    result: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
+    result: dict[str, dict] = {}
     for plot in repo.index.plots:
         plot_props = _plot_props(plot)
         dvcfile = plot.stage.dvcfile
@@ -445,15 +442,15 @@ def _adjust_sources(fs, plot_props, config_dir):
 
 def _resolve_definitions(
     fs: "FileSystem",
-    targets: List[str],
-    props: Dict[str, Any],
+    targets: list[str],
+    props: dict[str, Any],
     config_path: "StrPath",
     definitions: "DictStrAny",
     onerror: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
 ):
     config_path = os.fspath(config_path)
     config_dir = fs.dirname(config_path)
-    result: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
+    result: dict[str, dict] = {}
     for plot_id, plot_props in definitions.items():
         if plot_props is None:
             plot_props = {}
@@ -477,12 +474,12 @@ def _resolve_definitions(
     return result
 
 
-def _collect_pipeline_files(repo, targets: List[str], props, onerror=None):
-    result: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
+def _collect_pipeline_files(repo, targets: list[str], props, onerror=None):
+    result: dict[str, dict] = {}
     top_plots = repo.index._plots
     for dvcfile, plots_def in top_plots.items():
         dvcfile_path = _relpath(repo.dvcfs, dvcfile)
-        dvcfile_defs_dict: Dict[str, Union[Dict, None]] = {}
+        dvcfile_defs_dict: dict[str, Union[dict, None]] = {}
         for elem in plots_def:
             if isinstance(elem, str):
                 dvcfile_defs_dict[elem] = None
@@ -510,11 +507,11 @@ def _collect_pipeline_files(repo, targets: List[str], props, onerror=None):
 def _collect_definitions(
     repo: "Repo",
     targets=None,
-    props: Optional[Dict] = None,
+    props: Optional[dict] = None,
     onerror: Optional[Callable] = None,
     **kwargs,
-) -> Dict:
-    result: Dict = defaultdict(dict)
+) -> dict:
+    result: dict = defaultdict(dict)
     props = props or {}
 
     fs = repo.dvcfs
@@ -536,8 +533,8 @@ def _collect_definitions(
     return dict(result)
 
 
-def unpack_if_dir(fs, path, props: Dict[str, str], onerror: Optional[Callable] = None):
-    result: Dict[str, Dict] = defaultdict(dict)
+def unpack_if_dir(fs, path, props: dict[str, str], onerror: Optional[Callable] = None):
+    result: dict[str, dict] = defaultdict(dict)
     if fs.isdir(path):
         unpacked = _unpack_dir_files(fs, path, onerror=onerror)
     else:
@@ -574,7 +571,7 @@ def parse(fs, path, props=None, **fs_kwargs):
     return PARSERS[extension](contents, path)
 
 
-def _plot_props(out: "Output") -> Dict:
+def _plot_props(out: "Output") -> dict:
     from dvc.schema import PLOT_PROPS
 
     if not (out.plot):

dvc/repo/reproduce.py

@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    List,
     NoReturn,
     Optional,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -40,8 +36,8 @@ def collect_stages(
     targets: Iterable[str],
     recursive: bool = False,
     glob: bool = False,
-) -> List["Stage"]:
-    stages: List["Stage"] = []
+) -> list["Stage"]:
+    stages: list["Stage"] = []
     for target in targets:
         stages.extend(repo.stage.collect(target, recursive=recursive, glob=glob))
     return ldistinct(stages)
@@ -49,7 +45,7 @@ def collect_stages(
 
 def get_subgraph(
     graph: "DiGraph",
-    nodes: Optional[List] = None,
+    nodes: Optional[list] = None,
     pipeline: bool = False,
     downstream: bool = False,
 ) -> "DiGraph":
@@ -76,10 +72,10 @@ def get_active_graph(graph: "DiGraph") -> "DiGraph":
 
 def plan_repro(
     graph: "DiGraph",
-    stages: Optional[List["T"]] = None,
+    stages: Optional[list["T"]] = None,
     pipeline: bool = False,
     downstream: bool = False,
-) -> List["T"]:
+) -> list["T"]:
     r"""Derive the evaluation of the given node for the given graph.
 
     When you _reproduce a stage_, you want to _evaluate the descendants_
@@ -134,7 +130,7 @@ def _reproduce_stage(stage: "Stage", **kwargs) -> Optional["Stage"]:
 
 def _get_upstream_downstream_nodes(
     graph: Optional["DiGraph"], node: T
-) -> Tuple[List[T], List[T]]:
+) -> tuple[list[T], list[T]]:
     succ = list(graph.successors(node)) if graph else []
     pre = list(graph.predecessors(node)) if graph else []
     return succ, pre
@@ -146,7 +142,7 @@ def _repr(stages: Iterable["Stage"]) -> str:
 
 def handle_error(
     graph: Optional["DiGraph"], on_error: str, exc: Exception, stage: "Stage"
-) -> Set["Stage"]:
+) -> set["Stage"]:
     import networkx as nx
 
     logger.warning("%s%s", exc, " (ignored)" if on_error == "ignore" else "")
@@ -168,19 +164,19 @@ def _raise_error(exc: Optional[Exception], *stages: "Stage") -> NoReturn:
 
 
 def _reproduce(
-    stages: List["Stage"],
+    stages: list["Stage"],
     graph: Optional["DiGraph"] = None,
     force_downstream: bool = False,
     on_error: str = "fail",
     force: bool = False,
     repro_fn: Callable = _reproduce_stage,
     **kwargs,
-) -> List["Stage"]:
+) -> list["Stage"]:
     assert on_error in ("fail", "keep-going", "ignore")
 
-    result: List["Stage"] = []
-    failed: List["Stage"] = []
-    to_skip: Dict["Stage", "Stage"] = {}
+    result: list["Stage"] = []
+    failed: list["Stage"] = []
+    to_skip: dict["Stage", "Stage"] = {}
     ret: Optional["Stage"] = None
 
     force_state = dict.fromkeys(stages, force)
@@ -240,7 +236,7 @@ def reproduce(
     if not kwargs.get("interactive", False):
         kwargs["interactive"] = self.config["core"].get("interactive", False)
 
-    stages: List["Stage"] = []
+    stages: list["Stage"] = []
     if not all_pipelines:
         targets_list = ensure_list(targets or PROJECT_FILE)
         stages = collect_stages(self, targets_list, recursive=recursive, glob=glob)

dvc/repo/scm_context.py

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 import logging
 import shlex
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from functools import wraps
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Set,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -27,15 +23,15 @@ logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 
 
 class SCMContext:
-    def __init__(self, scm: "Base", config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, scm: "Base", config: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None) -> None:
         from funcy import get_in
 
         self.scm: "Base" = scm
         self.autostage: bool = get_in(
             config or {}, ["core", "autostage"], default=False
         )
-        self.ignored_paths: List[str] = []
-        self.files_to_track: Set[str] = set()
+        self.ignored_paths: list[str] = []
+        self.files_to_track: set[str] = set()
         self.quiet: bool = False
 
     def track_file(self, paths: Union[str, Iterable[str], None] = None) -> None:

dvc/repo/stage.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import fnmatch
 import typing
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from contextlib import suppress
 from functools import wraps
-from typing import Iterable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+from typing import NamedTuple, Optional, Union
 
 from dvc.exceptions import (
     NoOutputOrStageError,
@@ -31,9 +32,9 @@ class StageInfo(NamedTuple):
     filter_info: Optional[str] = None
 
 
-StageList = List["Stage"]
+StageList = list["Stage"]
 StageIter = Iterable["Stage"]
-StageSet = Set["Stage"]
+StageSet = set["Stage"]
 
 
 def _collect_with_deps(stages: StageList, graph: "DiGraph") -> StageSet:
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ def _collect_specific_target(
     target: str,
     with_deps: bool,
     recursive: bool,
-) -> Tuple[StageIter, Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
+) -> tuple[StageIter, Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
     from dvc.dvcfile import is_valid_filename
 
     # Optimization: do not collect the graph for a specific target
@@ -363,7 +364,7 @@ class StageLoad:
         with_deps: bool = False,
         recursive: bool = False,
         graph: Optional["DiGraph"] = None,
-    ) -> List[StageInfo]:
+    ) -> list[StageInfo]:
         """Collects a list of (stage, filter_info) from the given target.
 
         Priority is in the order of following in case of ambiguity:

dvc/repo/update.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from dvc.exceptions import InvalidArgumentError
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def update(  # noqa: C901
         raise InvalidArgumentError("--remote can't be used without --to-remote")
 
     import_stages = set()
-    other_stage_infos: List["StageInfo"] = []
+    other_stage_infos: list["StageInfo"] = []
 
     for stage_info in self.index.collect_targets(targets, recursive=recursive):
         if stage_info.stage.is_import:

dvc/repo/worktree.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from functools import partial
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union
 
 from funcy import first
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ def worktree_view_by_remotes(
     targets: Optional["TargetType"] = None,
     push: bool = False,
     **kwargs: Any,
-) -> Iterable[Tuple[Optional[str], "IndexView"]]:
+) -> Iterable[tuple[Optional[str], "IndexView"]]:
     from dvc.repo.index import IndexView
 
     def outs_filter(view: "IndexView", remote: Optional[str]):
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ def update_worktree_stages(
         outs_filter=outs_filter,
     )
     local_index = view.data["repo"]
-    remote_indexes: Dict[str, Tuple["Remote", "DataIndex"]] = {}
+    remote_indexes: dict[str, tuple["Remote", "DataIndex"]] = {}
     for stage in view.stages:
         for out in stage.outs:
             _update_worktree_out(repo, out, local_index, remote_indexes)
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ def _update_worktree_out(
     repo: "Repo",
     out: "Output",
     local_index: Union["DataIndex", "DataIndexView"],
-    remote_indexes: Dict[str, Tuple["Remote", "DataIndex"]],
+    remote_indexes: dict[str, tuple["Remote", "DataIndex"]],
 ):
     from dvc_data.index import build
 
@@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ def _get_diff_indexes(
     out: "Output",
     local_index: Union["DataIndex", "DataIndexView"],
     remote_index: Union["DataIndex", "DataIndexView"],
-) -> Tuple["DataIndex", "DataIndex"]:
+) -> tuple["DataIndex", "DataIndex"]:
     from dvc_data.index import DataIndex
 
     _, key = out.index_key

dvc/schema.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from collections.abc import Mapping
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Any
 
 import voluptuous as vol
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ SINGLE_STAGE_SCHEMA = {
     StageParams.PARAM_DESC: str,
 }
 
-DATA_SCHEMA: Dict[Any, Any] = {
+DATA_SCHEMA: dict[Any, Any] = {
     **CHECKSUMS_SCHEMA,
     **META_SCHEMA,
     vol.Required("path"): str,

dvc/scm.py

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 """Manages source control systems (e.g. Git)."""
 import os
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from functools import partial
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Literal,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
     Union,
     overload,
@@ -189,7 +187,7 @@ def resolve_rev(scm: Union["Git", "NoSCM"], rev: str) -> str:
         raise RevError(str(exc))  # noqa: B904
 
 
-def _get_n_commits(scm: "Git", revs: List[str], num: int) -> List[str]:
+def _get_n_commits(scm: "Git", revs: list[str], num: int) -> list[str]:
     results = []
     for rev in revs:
         if num == 0:
@@ -210,14 +208,14 @@ def _get_n_commits(scm: "Git", revs: List[str], num: int) -> List[str]:
 
 def iter_revs(
     scm: "Git",
-    revs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    revs: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     num: int = 1,
     all_branches: bool = False,
     all_tags: bool = False,
     all_commits: bool = False,
     all_experiments: bool = False,
     commit_date: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> Mapping[str, List[str]]:
+) -> Mapping[str, list[str]]:
     from scmrepo.exceptions import SCMError as _SCMError
 
     from dvc.repo.experiments.utils import exp_commits
@@ -235,7 +233,7 @@ def iter_revs(
         return {}
 
     revs = revs or []
-    results: List[str] = _get_n_commits(scm, revs, num)
+    results: list[str] = _get_n_commits(scm, revs, num)
 
     if all_commits:
         results.extend(scm.list_all_commits())
@@ -266,7 +264,7 @@ def iter_revs(
     return group_by(rev_resolver, results)
 
 
-def lfs_prefetch(fs: "FileSystem", paths: List[str]):
+def lfs_prefetch(fs: "FileSystem", paths: list[str]):
     from scmrepo.git.lfs import fetch as _lfs_fetch
 
     from dvc.fs.dvc import DVCFileSystem

dvc/stage/__init__.py

@@ -1,18 +1,13 @@
 import os
 import string
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from contextlib import suppress
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
 )
@@ -55,14 +50,14 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
 # Disallow all punctuation characters except hyphen and underscore
 INVALID_STAGENAME_CHARS = set(string.punctuation) - {"_", "-"}
-Env = Dict[str, str]
-ChangedEntries = Tuple[List[str], List[str], Optional[str]]
+Env = dict[str, str]
+ChangedEntries = tuple[list[str], list[str], Optional[str]]
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
 
 
 def loads_from(
-    cls: Type[_T], repo: "Repo", path: str, wdir: str, data: Dict[str, Any]
+    cls: type[_T], repo: "Repo", path: str, wdir: str, data: dict[str, Any]
 ) -> _T:
     kw = {
         "repo": repo,
@@ -91,7 +86,7 @@ class RawData:
     generated_from: Optional[str] = None
 
 
-def create_stage(cls: Type[_T], repo, path, **kwargs) -> _T:
+def create_stage(cls: type[_T], repo, path, **kwargs) -> _T:
     from dvc.dvcfile import check_dvcfile_path
 
     wdir = os.path.abspath(kwargs.get("wdir", None) or os.curdir)
@@ -205,13 +200,13 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
         self._dvcfile = dvcfile
 
     @property
-    def params(self) -> List["ParamsDependency"]:
+    def params(self) -> list["ParamsDependency"]:
         from dvc.dependency import ParamsDependency
 
         return [dep for dep in self.deps if isinstance(dep, ParamsDependency)]
 
     @property
-    def metrics(self) -> List["Output"]:
+    def metrics(self) -> list["Output"]:
         return [out for out in self.outs if out.metric]
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -310,7 +305,7 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
         return desc
 
     def changed_deps(
-        self, allow_missing: bool = False, upstream: Optional[List] = None
+        self, allow_missing: bool = False, upstream: Optional[list] = None
     ) -> bool:
         if self.frozen:
             return False
@@ -322,7 +317,7 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
 
     @rwlocked(read=["deps"])
     def _changed_deps(
-        self, allow_missing: bool = False, upstream: Optional[List] = None
+        self, allow_missing: bool = False, upstream: Optional[list] = None
     ) -> bool:
         for dep in self.deps:
             status = dep.status()
@@ -370,7 +365,7 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
 
     @rwlocked(read=["deps", "outs"])
     def changed(
-        self, allow_missing: bool = False, upstream: Optional[List] = None
+        self, allow_missing: bool = False, upstream: Optional[list] = None
     ) -> bool:
         is_changed = (
             # Short-circuit order: stage md5 is fast,
@@ -477,7 +472,7 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
     def reload(self) -> "Stage":
         return self.dvcfile.stage
 
-    def dumpd(self, **kwargs) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def dumpd(self, **kwargs) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return get_dump(self, **kwargs)
 
     def compute_md5(self) -> Optional[str]:
@@ -509,7 +504,7 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
                 if not allow_missing:
                     raise
 
-    def get_versioned_outs(self) -> Dict[str, "Output"]:
+    def get_versioned_outs(self) -> dict[str, "Output"]:
         from .exceptions import StageFileDoesNotExistError, StageNotFound
 
         try:
@@ -543,7 +538,7 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
             out.ignore()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _changed_entries(entries) -> List[str]:
+    def _changed_entries(entries) -> list[str]:
         return [str(entry) for entry in entries if entry.workspace_status()]
 
     def _changed_stage_entry(self) -> str:
@@ -663,8 +658,8 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
     @rwlocked(write=["outs"])
     def checkout(
         self, allow_missing: bool = False, **kwargs
-    ) -> Dict[str, List["StrPath"]]:
-        stats: Dict[str, List["StrPath"]] = defaultdict(list)
+    ) -> dict[str, list["StrPath"]]:
+        stats: dict[str, list["StrPath"]] = defaultdict(list)
         if self.is_partial_import:
             return stats
 
@@ -679,7 +674,7 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
         return stats
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _checkout(out, **kwargs) -> Tuple[Optional[str], List[str]]:
+    def _checkout(out, **kwargs) -> tuple[Optional[str], list[str]]:
         try:
             result = out.checkout(**kwargs)
             added, modified = result or (None, None)
@@ -692,8 +687,8 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
     @rwlocked(read=["deps", "outs"])
     def status(
         self, check_updates: bool = False, filter_info: Optional[bool] = None
-    ) -> Dict[str, List[Union[str, Dict[str, str]]]]:
-        ret: List[Union[str, Dict[str, str]]] = []
+    ) -> dict[str, list[Union[str, dict[str, str]]]]:
+        ret: list[Union[str, dict[str, str]]] = []
         show_import = (
             self.is_repo_import or self.is_versioned_import
         ) and check_updates
@@ -706,7 +701,7 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
         return {self.addressing: ret} if ret else {}
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _status(entries: Iterable["Output"]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def _status(entries: Iterable["Output"]) -> dict[str, str]:
         ret = {}
 
         for entry in entries:
@@ -747,7 +742,7 @@ class Stage(params.StageParams):
 
     def get_used_objs(
         self, *args, **kwargs
-    ) -> Dict[Optional["HashFileDB"], Set["HashInfo"]]:
+    ) -> dict[Optional["HashFileDB"], set["HashInfo"]]:
         """Return set of object IDs used by this stage."""
         if self.is_partial_import and not self.is_repo_import:
             return {}
@@ -802,7 +797,7 @@ class PipelineStage(Stage):
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         self.name = name
         self.cmd_changed = False
-        self.tracked_vars: Dict[str, Dict[str, Dict[str, str]]] = {}
+        self.tracked_vars: dict[str, dict[str, dict[str, str]]] = {}
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         return super().__eq__(other) and self.name == other.name

dvc/stage/cache.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from funcy import first
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class StageCache:
             message = f"run-cache is not supported for http filesystem: {path}"
             raise RunCacheNotSupported(message)
 
-        ret: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []
+        ret: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
         if not from_fs.exists(runs):
             return ret
 

dvc/stage/loader.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from collections.abc import Mapping
 from copy import deepcopy
 from itertools import chain
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional
 
 from funcy import get_in, lcat, once, project
 
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ from .params import StageParams
 from .utils import fill_stage_dependencies, resolve_paths
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+
     from dvc.dvcfile import ProjectFile, SingleStageFile
 
 logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ class StageLoader(Mapping):
         self._lockfile_data = lockfile_data.get("stages", {})
 
     @cached_property
-    def lockfile_data(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def lockfile_data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         if not self._lockfile_data:
             logger.debug("Lockfile for '%s' not found", self.dvcfile.relpath)
         return self._lockfile_data
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ class StageLoader(Mapping):
         from dvc.output import Output, merge_file_meta_from_cloud
 
         assert isinstance(lock_data, dict)
-        items: Iterable[Tuple[str, "Output"]] = chain(
+        items: Iterable[tuple[str, "Output"]] = chain(
             ((StageParams.PARAM_DEPS, dep) for dep in stage.deps),
             ((StageParams.PARAM_OUTS, out) for out in stage.outs),
         )
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@ class SingleStageLoader(Mapping):
     def __init__(
         self,
         dvcfile: "SingleStageFile",
-        stage_data: Dict[Any, str],
+        stage_data: dict[Any, str],
         stage_text: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
         self.dvcfile = dvcfile
@@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ class SingleStageLoader(Mapping):
     def load_stage(
         cls,
         dvcfile: "SingleStageFile",
-        d: Dict[str, Any],
+        d: dict[str, Any],
         stage_text: Optional[str],
     ) -> Stage:
         path, wdir = resolve_paths(

dvc/stage/serialize.py

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from operator import attrgetter
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    List,
     Optional,
     Union,
     no_type_check,
@@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ def _serialize_out(out):
 
 
 @no_type_check
-def _serialize_outs(outputs: List[Output]):
+def _serialize_outs(outputs: list[Output]):
     outs, metrics, plots = [], [], []
     for out in sorted(outputs, key=attrgetter("def_path")):
         bucket = outs
@@ -88,10 +86,10 @@ def _serialize_params_keys(params: Iterable["ParamsDependency"]):
     at the first, and then followed by entry of other files in lexicographic
     order. The keys of those custom files are also sorted in the same order.
     """
-    keys: List[Union[str, Dict[str, Optional[List[str]]]]] = []
+    keys: list[Union[str, dict[str, Optional[list[str]]]]] = []
     for param_dep in sorted(params, key=attrgetter("def_path")):
         # when on no_exec, params are not filled and are saved as list
-        k: List[str] = sorted(param_dep.params)
+        k: list[str] = sorted(param_dep.params)
         if k and param_dep.def_path == DEFAULT_PARAMS_FILE:
             keys = k + keys  # type: ignore[operator,assignment]
         else:
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ def _serialize_params_keys(params: Iterable["ParamsDependency"]):
 
 
 @no_type_check
-def _serialize_params_values(params: List[ParamsDependency]):
+def _serialize_params_values(params: list[ParamsDependency]):
     """Returns output of following format, used for lockfile:
         {'params.yaml': {'lr': '1', 'train': 2}, {'params2.yaml': {'lr': '1'}}
 
@@ -160,7 +158,7 @@ def to_single_stage_lockfile(stage: "Stage", **kwargs) -> dict:
     assert stage.cmd
 
     def _dumpd(item: "Output"):
-        ret: Dict[str, Any] = {item.PARAM_PATH: item.def_path}
+        ret: dict[str, Any] = {item.PARAM_PATH: item.def_path}
         if item.hash_name not in LEGACY_HASH_NAMES:
             ret[item.PARAM_HASH] = "md5"
         if item.hash_info.isdir and kwargs.get("with_files"):

dvc/stage/utils.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import pathlib
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union
 
 from funcy import concat, first, lsplit, rpartial
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ def get_dump(stage: "Stage", **kwargs):
 
 def split_params_deps(
     stage: "Stage",
-) -> Tuple[List["ParamsDependency"], List["Dependency"]]:
+) -> tuple[list["ParamsDependency"], list["Dependency"]]:
     from dvc.dependency import ParamsDependency
 
     return lsplit(rpartial(isinstance, ParamsDependency), stage.deps)
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ def check_stage_exists(repo: "Repo", stage: Union["Stage", "PipelineStage"], pat
 
 def validate_kwargs(
     single_stage: bool = False, fname: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs
-) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Prepare, validate and process kwargs passed from cli"""
     cmd = kwargs.get("cmd")
     if not cmd and not single_stage:
@@ -288,11 +288,11 @@ def validate_kwargs(
     return kwargs
 
 
-def _get_stage_files(stage: "Stage") -> List[str]:
+def _get_stage_files(stage: "Stage") -> list[str]:
     from dvc.dvcfile import ProjectFile
     from dvc.utils import relpath
 
-    ret: List[str] = []
+    ret: list[str] = []
     file = stage.dvcfile
     ret.append(file.relpath)
     if isinstance(file, ProjectFile):

dvc/testing/benchmarks/fixtures.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import os
 import shutil
 from pathlib import Path
 from subprocess import check_output
-from typing import Dict, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 import pytest
 from dulwich.porcelain import clone
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class VirtualEnv:
 
         virtualenv.cli_run([os.fspath(self.path)])
 
-    def run(self, cmd: str, *args: str, env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None) -> None:
+    def run(self, cmd: str, *args: str, env: Optional[dict[str, str]] = None) -> None:
         exe = self.which(cmd)
         check_output([exe, *args], env=env)  # noqa: S603