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Painting with Images, Drawings, and Visuals

03/30/2017

csharp

brushes [WPF], painting with drawings

painting [WPF], with drawings

painting [WPF], with images

painting with visuals [WPF]

brushes [WPF], painting with images

brushes [WPF], painting with visuals

779aac3f-8d41-49d8-8130-768244aa2240

Painting with Images, Drawings, and Visuals

This topic describes how to use xref:System.Windows.Media.ImageBrush, xref:System.Windows.Media.DrawingBrush, and xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush objects to paint an area with an image, a xref:System.Windows.Media.Drawing, or a xref:System.Windows.Media.Visual.

Prerequisites

To understand this topic, you should be familiar with the different types of brushes [!INCLUDETLA#tla_winclient] provides and their basic features. For an introduction, see the WPF Brushes Overview.

Paint an Area with an Image

Like all xref:System.Windows.Media.Brush objects, an xref:System.Windows.Media.ImageBrush can be used to paint objects such as shapes, panels, controls, and text. The following illustration shows some effects that can be achieved with an xref:System.Windows.Media.ImageBrush.

Objects painted by an ImageBrush

By default, an xref:System.Windows.Media.ImageBrush stretches its image to completely fill the area being painted, possibly distorting the image if the painted area has a different aspect ratio than the image. You can change this behavior by changing the xref:System.Windows.Media.TileBrush.Stretch%2A property from its default value of xref:System.Windows.Media.Stretch.Fill to xref:System.Windows.Media.Stretch.None, xref:System.Windows.Media.Stretch.Uniform, or xref:System.Windows.Media.Stretch.UniformToFill. Because xref:System.Windows.Media.ImageBrush is a type of xref:System.Windows.Media.TileBrush, you can specify exactly how an image brush fills the output area and even create patterns. For more information about advanced xref:System.Windows.Media.TileBrush features, see the TileBrush Overview.

Example: Paint an Object with a Bitmap Image

The following example uses an xref:System.Windows.Media.ImageBrush to paint the xref:System.Windows.Controls.Panel.Background%2A of a xref:System.Windows.Controls.Canvas.

[!code-xamlBrushOverviewExamples_snip#GraphicsMMImageBrushAsCanvasBackgroundExampleWholePage]

[!code-csharpBrushOverviewExamples_procedural_snip#GraphicsMMImageBrushAsCanvasBackgroundExampleWholePage] [!code-vbBrushOverviewExamples_procedural_snip#GraphicsMMImageBrushAsCanvasBackgroundExampleWholePage]

Paint an Area with a Drawing

A xref:System.Windows.Media.DrawingBrush enables you to paint an area with shapes, text, images, and video. Shapes inside a drawing brush may themselves be painted with a solid color, gradient, image, or even another xref:System.Windows.Media.DrawingBrush. The following illustration demonstrates some uses of a xref:System.Windows.Media.DrawingBrush.

Objects painted by a DrawingBrush

A xref:System.Windows.Media.DrawingBrush paints an area with a xref:System.Windows.Media.Drawing object. A xref:System.Windows.Media.Drawing object describes visible content, such as a shape, bitmap, video, or a line of text. Different types of drawings describe different types of content. The following is a list of the different types of drawing objects.

xref:System.Windows.Media.GeometryDrawing – Draws a shape.
xref:System.Windows.Media.ImageDrawing – Draws an image.
xref:System.Windows.Media.GlyphRunDrawing – Draws text.
xref:System.Windows.Media.VideoDrawing – Plays an audio or video file.
xref:System.Windows.Media.DrawingGroup – Draws other drawings. Use a drawing group to combine other drawings into a single composite drawing.

For more information about xref:System.Windows.Media.Drawing objects, see the Drawing Objects Overview.

Like an xref:System.Windows.Media.ImageBrush, a xref:System.Windows.Media.DrawingBrush stretches its xref:System.Windows.Media.DrawingBrush.Drawing%2A to fill its output area. You can override this behavior by changing the xref:System.Windows.Media.TileBrush.Stretch%2A property from its default setting of xref:System.Windows.Media.Stretch.Fill. For more information, see the xref:System.Windows.Media.TileBrush.Stretch%2A property.

Example: Paint an Object with a Drawing

The following example shows how to paint an object with a drawing of three ellipses. A xref:System.Windows.Media.GeometryDrawing is used to describe the ellipses.

[!code-xamlBrushOverviewExamples_snip#GraphicsMMDrawingBrushAsButtonBackgroundExample]

[!code-csharpBrushOverviewExamples_procedural_snip#GraphicsMMDrawingBrushAsButtonBackgroundExample1] [!code-vbBrushOverviewExamples_procedural_snip#GraphicsMMDrawingBrushAsButtonBackgroundExample1]

Paint an Area with a Visual

The most versatile and powerful of all the brushes, the xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush paints an area with a xref:System.Windows.Media.Visual. A xref:System.Windows.Media.Visual is a low-level graphical type that serves as the ancestor of many useful graphical components. For example, the xref:System.Windows.Window, xref:System.Windows.FrameworkElement, and xref:System.Windows.Controls.Control classes are all types of xref:System.Windows.Media.Visual objects. Using a xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush, you can paint areas with almost any [!INCLUDETLA#tla_winclient] graphical object.

Note

Although xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush is a type of xref:System.Windows.Freezable object, it cannot be frozen (made read-only) when its xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush.Visual%2A property is set to a value other than null.

There are two ways to specify the xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush.Visual%2A content of a xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush.

Create a new xref:System.Windows.Media.Visual and use it to set the xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush.Visual%2A property of the xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush. For an example, see the Example: Paint an Object with a Visual section that follows.
Use an existing xref:System.Windows.Media.Visual, which creates a duplicate image of the target xref:System.Windows.Media.Visual. You can then use the xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush to create interesting effects, such as reflection and magnification. For an example, see the Example: Create a Reflection section.

When you define a new xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush.Visual%2A for a xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush and that xref:System.Windows.Media.Visual is a xref:System.Windows.UIElement (such as a panel or control), the layout system runs on the xref:System.Windows.UIElement and its child elements when the xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush.AutoLayoutContent%2A property is set to true. However, the root xref:System.Windows.UIElement is essentially isolated from the rest of the system: styles, and external layout can't permeate this boundary. Therefore, you should explicitly specify the size of the root xref:System.Windows.UIElement, because its only parent is the xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush and therefore it cannot automatically size itself to the area being painted. For more information about layout in [!INCLUDETLA#tla_winclient], see the Layout.

Like xref:System.Windows.Media.ImageBrush and xref:System.Windows.Media.DrawingBrush, a xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush stretches its content to fill its output area. You can override this behavior by changing the xref:System.Windows.Media.TileBrush.Stretch%2A property from its default setting of xref:System.Windows.Media.Stretch.Fill. For more information, see the xref:System.Windows.Media.TileBrush.Stretch%2A property.

Example: Paint an Object with a Visual

In the following example, several controls and a panel are used to paint a rectangle.

[!code-xamlBrushOverviewExamples_snip#GraphicsMMVisualBrushAsRectangleBackgroundExample]

[!code-csharpBrushOverviewExamples_procedural_snip#GraphicsMMVisualBrushAsRectangleBackgroundExample1] [!code-vbBrushOverviewExamples_procedural_snip#GraphicsMMVisualBrushAsRectangleBackgroundExample1]

Example: Create a Reflection

The preceding example showed how to create a new xref:System.Windows.Media.Visual for use as a background. You can also use a xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush to display an existing visual; this capability enables you to produce interesting visual effects, such as reflections and magnification. The following example uses a xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush to create a reflection of a xref:System.Windows.Controls.Border that contains several elements. The following illustration shows the output that this example produces.

A reflected Visual object

[!code-csharpvisualbrush_markup_snip#GraphicsMMVisualBrushReflectionExampleWholePage] [!code-vbvisualbrush_markup_snip#GraphicsMMVisualBrushReflectionExampleWholePage] [!code-xamlvisualbrush_markup_snip#GraphicsMMVisualBrushReflectionExampleWholePage]

For additional examples that show how to magnify portions of the screen and how to create reflections, see the VisualBrush Sample.

TileBrush Features

xref:System.Windows.Media.ImageBrush, xref:System.Windows.Media.DrawingBrush, and xref:System.Windows.Media.VisualBrush are types of xref:System.Windows.Media.TileBrush objects. xref:System.Windows.Media.TileBrush objects provide you with a great deal of control over how an area is painted with an image, drawing, or visual. For example, instead of just painting an area with a single stretched image, you can paint an area with a series of image tiles that create a pattern.

A xref:System.Windows.Media.TileBrush has three primary components: content, tiles, and the output area.

Components of a TileBrush with a single tile

Components of a TileBrush with multiple tiles

For more information about the tiling features of xref:System.Windows.Media.TileBrush objects, see the TileBrush Overview.

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Painting with Images, Drawings, and Visuals

Prerequisites

Paint an Area with an Image

Example: Paint an Object with a Bitmap Image

Paint an Area with a Drawing

Example: Paint an Object with a Drawing

Paint an Area with a Visual

Example: Paint an Object with a Visual

Example: Create a Reflection

TileBrush Features

See also

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